m mm iiiiii iliiii' mmi '!^}'hh);( ;iii|ijj|i i'iii'siliiffi;; -r- a/J. HLORIDE OF SULPHUR SULPHIDE OF CARBON .RBON TETRA-CHLORIDE ALCANNIN PASTE Geo. W. Speaight, > Fulton St., New York The BEST BUCKLES for ARCTICS ARE HAOB BY THE WELD MFQ. CO., 41 Lincoln Street, • - Boston. /■/■ V ■ TRAOt MABlt RAIN COATS Must have this Circular Trade Mark stamped In inside of coat.. ••floon — ev- C9 LT» r .oTCKouc ft Edited by HENRY C. PEARSON— Offices. No. 150 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. Vol. XXXI. No. 1. OCTOBER 1, 1904. 85 Cents • Copj. 18.00 Par Tear. THE MANHATTAN RUBBER MFG. CO. CABLE ADDRESS MIALOGIA BELTING HOSE PACKING TUBING MATTING ROLLS 18 VESEY STREET, NEW YORK. -MAKERS OF- Factories: PASSAIC, N. J., on D. L. & W. R. R. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. 7260 cortlanot telephones: 7261 Cortlanot 7262 Cortlanot GASKETS TILING nOULDED GOODS IN EVERY VARIETY Mechanical Rubber Goods, LAMPBLACKS especially for RUBBER MANUFACTURE. SAMUEL CABOT. BOSTON. MASS II THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. I F. H. Appleton (Sl Son MANUFACTURERS OF RECLAIMED RUBBER No. 185 Summer Street, BOSTON, MASS. Factor>' : FranKlin, Mass. Telephone : Oxford, 4-60 ^fentinn The IniUa Rubber World when you, write. ^ Gil . Si ' Jff 4:j -^— -' Wirt & Knos IVIfg. Co. f/ANuFACTuBtRSOF WIRTS PATENT TUBULAR ALL METAL HOSE CARTS. REELS and HTTlilP RACES 22 and 24 Nortb Fourth Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. i^=T,-, --^s^*'-; :^..j^ 4.*- ^^ifm GO|lTI|lE|lTAli TYHES, GOniflEllTAIt ]VIEG|lflJlIGflk RUBBER GOODS. CONTINENTAL CAOUTCHOUC & GUTTAPERCHA CO., JfniHon 77i« iTutta Subber World when you write. Hanover, Germany. For General Compounding "iVl.R." makes a perfect union with rubber. Prevents blistering, and the harsher action of free Sulphur. Absolutely acid proof. Has been used regularly by Rubber Hanufacturers for the past four years. Manufactured only by the AHBRICAN ASPHALTUH & RUBBER CO.. Chicago. GEO. A. ALDEN & CO., Boston, Mass. J ^ OcTOIlER I, 1904.] THE INDiA RUBBER WORLD III HIGH GRADE Manufacturers of MECHANICAL RUBBER GOODS Belting = = = Hose = = = Packings, etc. JAMES BENNETT FORSYTH Gen. Manager S uperior in quality atisfactory in service QEORQE H. FORSYTH Asst. Manager Boston New York Buffalo Chicago St. Louis Milwaukee St. Paul Seattle Philadelphia Baltimore Atlanta Mobile New Orleans Memphis Cincinnati Pittsburgh Detroit Cleveland Indianapolis Kansas City San Francisco Portland Mention The India Rubber World when you write. IV THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. rRAin-; MARK. EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO., (13 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK.) AT THE ST. LOUIS WORLD'S FAIR. You are cordially invited wliile visiting the World's Fair, at St. I H S o <^ m CO .tfen/ton 27itf JncZt'a iSu^&er U'orid ti'Tien you write. ■■'/>■:■■ '?>/' l|!ll|W!|,li|:|l "'■' '7/'''/ / ■■'■ ,''1 ilii'i ''ill: SAWYER STITCHED CANVAS BELTING Fll.l,Y «;iiARA>TEED SOLD ON ITS MERITS DURABILITY. STRENGTH AND DRIVING POWER. ('o**l«t Ij<*sn lli:tii T^eallier or Riiltber. .M4»4«( Kcoiiotiiloal Kelt in l~<>e. Manufactured by SAWYER BELTING CO., East Cambridge, Mass. AGENTS : Henion & Hubbell, Chicago. III. Day Rubber Co., St. Louis. Mo. Nashville Belting Co., Nashville. Tenii. Belknap Hdw. & Mfg. Co., Louis- ville, Ky. W. Bingham Co., Cleveland, O. M.I Wilcox Co., Toledo, O. Southern Belting Co., Atlanta, Ga, Baltimore Rubber Co., Baltimore, Md. English Supply Co., Kansas City. Mo Southern Belting Co., Memphis. Tenn. Boston Belting Co., Buffalo, N. V. For Sale by all Reliable Dealers ■ Mention The India Rubber World when you write. For HIGH GRADE Pneumatic Bicycle Tires and Solid Carriage Tires Write to KOKOMO RUBBER CO. KOKOMO, INDIANA. Uencum 'I'M Indxa Rubber World v;\en you write, Lake Shore Rubber Co. Manufacture Mechanical Rubber Goods, HOSE, BELTING, PACKING,VALVES, GASKETS, ELECTRICAL TAPE, OIL WELL SUPPLIES, Etc. WRITE FOR PRICES AND SAMPLES. Office and Works, ERIE, PA. Mention rhe India Rubber World when you write. October 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD IX BLACK BEAR SHEET PACKING THE FOLLOWING TEST5 ARE INTERESTING: A piece of "Black Bear" Sheet Packing was packed in a joint with a steam gauge attached to indicate the heat. At 330 de- grees for nine hours each day, tal-cing out the Packing for examination every night, replacing it the next morning, for a series of twelve days — 108 hours in all — "Black Bear " Sheet Packing was scarcely affected. A high grade Red Packing under the same test burned to a char at the end of the first day. Heat does not seem to affect "Black Bear" Sheet Packing. A piece of "Black Bear" Sheet Packing was boiled in oil for nine hours, and oame out strong and full of vitality at the end of this trying ordeal. A piece of "Black Bear" Sheet Packing has been immersed in kerosene oil for several weeks, and is still in good condition. Oils do not seem to affect "Black Bear" Sheet Packing. "Black Bear" Steam Hose is made of the same material. Withstanding these tests we need not tell you, nothing could be better for a Steam Hose. A re you interested ? Write us for additional information and prices. TRENTON RUBBER MFC. CO. TRENTON, N. J. Mention The India Huhber World when you write. ^5»j^rr^T|r»|r'*»tlt»tlt»»^r^'|r»|?r^»lrr^t|t»»^'^'^r^»|?^ ^ INEW RUBBER MACHINERYt ^ * K ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ WASHING MACHINE for Crude Rubber WATER SEPARATOR for Reclaimed Rubber Removes all Sdnd, Bark and Dirt. Try it for Centrals, Africans and Coarse 'Para. Rubber Planters; this 'will clean your Scrap Rubber. Instead of Evaporating Tanks, use this. Takes 40% of the moisture out at once. Then a short time on the screens delivers the product bone dry. THE TURNER VAUGHN & TAYLOR CO. Write us Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, U. S. A. ^ ^^ ^ «|^ i''^ t'^^ ii\~i ^ i^ i'^'t *:|^ i^'k i\» i^ ^<4 i^li «|4 ^ri(«. October i, 1904. J THE INDIA KUBBER WORLD XI WE MANUFACTURE HARD RUBBER GOODS IN EVERY CONCEIVABLE FORM. The Joseph Stokes Rubber Co. Main Office and Factory : Western Branch : 83 LAKE STREET TRENTON, N. J. Chicago, ill. Mention The India Rubber World wheti you wriie. A Record for Durability. SUCCESS ACHIEVED WHERE ALL OTHERS FAILED. 7Vit' Great 2,000 miles non- stop run accomplished in England and Scotland on a Talbot car fitted with CLINCHER (Bartlett's Patent; MOTOR TYRES Extracts fyom report 0/ Mr, T. IV. IViIl- iams, of thf"^ Daily Mirror^'" 7vho rode in the car the entire distance. " The Clincher Tyres also proved Ihat tlie Scottish made article can beat, when put to the test, the finest continental tyres that were ever made." Extract fioin letter from D. M. H'eigel, Esq., who drove the celebrated Talbot car and who has driven cars fitted with all kinds of 7j res. Referring to the Clincher Tyres, he says: " 1 endorse the letter 1 wrote yon some little time ago that ihey are the best tyres 1 ever used." WHICH ALONE HAVE COME THROUGH THE ORDEAL. PROVING DURABILITY, RESILIENCY, RELIABILITY. Sole Manufacturers: THE NORTH BRITISH RUBBER CO., Ltd., Castle Mills, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND. Booklet "HINTS ON MOTOR TYRES " Mailed tree to afipllcanlt. Mention TJie India Jiubber World when you write. s^We Hanufacture Our Products by Mechaiucal Means.^ THE BLOOMINGDALE SOFT RUBBER WORKS, Manufacturers of THE FINEST GRADES OF Reclaimed and Devulcanized Rubber iOB Manufacturing and Mechanical Purposes BIiOOMINGDAIiE, H. J. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. XII THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. THE EUREKA RUBBER MFG. CO. OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. rw. Manufacturers of Rubber Carriage Drill and Duck, Cotton Rubber Lined Hose, and flechanical Rubber Goods of Every Description. Factory strictly modern in design, with machinery of the latest and most approved description throughout, using ouly first class raw material, and producing nothing but reliable grades. We solicit inquiries from the trade direct, or through our Branch Stores or Salesmen. We promise prompt attention to same. FACTORY - - - TRENTON, N. J. On the main line Pennsylvania R. R. CHICAGO: NEW YORK : BOSTON: Branch Stores : 248 Randolph Street. 55 Warren Street. Mention The Inilia l^ubber World when you write. 276 Devonshire Street. GENASCO' HYDRO=CARBON PRODUCTS for Rubber Compounding "QENASCO" n. R. HYDRO-CARBON— Used successfully for three years to mix with Rubber for the manufacture of footwear, Clothing, Mechanical Goods, Mold Work, etc. Will not oxidize. Loses less than one- quarter of one per cent, when subjected to 400° F. for seven hours. Prevents blistering, surface cracking and blooming. Jobbers and Importers of rubber have heretofore sold this product. We now offer it direct. '• GENASCO " No. 101— To replace tar. No odor. Higher melting point. Goes further. Better in every respect. "QENASCO" No. 73— A tough Hydro-Carbon, valuable for compounding. Not affected by acids. Not brittle at low temperatures. .V**' T f HESE products are being offered DIRECT TO THE TRADE at prices which should warrant a trial We should be pleased to submit samples and prices upon application. HYDRO-CARBON DEPARTMENT THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COHPANY Warehouses : NEW YORK, Land Title Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA. PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., Mention I7ie India JCuOOe: {yortd when you write. ST. LOUIS October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER "WORLD ^iii GOOD RUBBER TUBING can be produced by feeding a proper compound through a proper Tubing Machine. We don't know much about Compounds they are a part of the Rubber Man's trade, but we are strong in the machinery line and we can furnish proper machines to work the best, or the worst, compounds ever compounded* Maybe we can help YOU. JOHN ROYLE & SONS, Makers of Perfected Tubing and Insulating Machines. PATERSON, N. J., U. S. A. Mrnlinn The India Rubber World when you irrilc. NEW ENGLAND BUTT COMPANY, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND. MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINERY. Rubber Strip Covering Machines For Covering Electrical Wires. Strip Cutters and Rubber Spreading Machines. Braiders for Covering Rubber Hose. Complete Line of Machinery for Insu- lating Electrical Wires and Cables. TWO HEAD RUBBtR COVERING MACHINE. TWO HEAD RUBBtR COVERINU MAOnint. FINE CASTINGS A SPECIAUTV. Mention The India Rubber World when you unite. XIV THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [OclOlitK 1, 1904. DA VOL RUBBER COMPANY 1 ESTABLISHED 1874 MANUFACTURERS OF FINE RUBBER GOODS IN SOFTaiid HARD RUBBER ^j* PLANT OF THE DA VOL RUBBER COMPANY Mention The India Rubber World when you write. PROVIDENCE, R. I., U.S.A. TRADE MARK PRICE LIST OF BAILEY'S RUBBER BRUSHES PRICE $1.50 J; /iWi^Jia I'EK DOZ. liailey's Rubber Bath Brush, $12.00 '' *' Sliampoo " 6.00 *' " Complexion'' 4.00 ■' " PetiteCompleNionBrush,2,oo " " Facial Brush, 4.00 " Hand " 4.00 " Toilet " 2.00 " " Tooth " No. I, 2.00 I'F.R DOZ. Bailey's Rub. Tooth Brush, No. 2,(2.50 Manicure Brush. • Sewing Fingers. ' Teething Ring. ' Ileel Cushion, ' Soap I>ishes, ' Trumpet, ' Bubble Blower, 2 00 3 Sog™ • 75 2.00 2.00 1.20 .75 B.ii I'ER DOZ. ey's Rub. Glove_ Cleaner. S .75 " Finger Cots, 5 00 gro. " Mas' ge Roller, 4.00 doz. Duplex " " 8.00 doz. Body " " 16.00 doz. Complexion Soaji, .75 doz Skin Food. 4.00 doz. Baaey's "Won't Slip" Crutch Tip. (all sizes) $1.00 per doz ALL GOODS SENT PREPAID BY US. C. J. BAILEY & CO. •^S^.^OA^ Si/e .1 \ .'^ in. MANUFACTURERS AND PATENTEES 22 BOYLSTON STREET The Pure Gum Specialty Company Barberton Ohio Manufacturers of DRUGGISTS' RUBBER SUNDRIES and AIR GOODS. J0^ Write for Prices. MetUion Tfte India Hubber Wui Ut when vou write. ^p^'^'U BOSTON, MASS., U. S. A. The Faultless Rubber Co. AKRON, OHIO, U. S. A. MANUFACTURERS OP High Grade Seamless and Seamed Rubber Goods and Specialties. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. Mentw7t The India Rubber World when you write. OciOIiER I, 1904. TKK INDIA RUBBER WORl-D XV AMERICAN HARD RUBBER CO., THE INDIA RUBBER COMB CO. THE BUTLER HARD RUBBER CO. THE GOODRICH HARD RUBBER CO. 9-13 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A. MANUKACTURERSs OF COMBS, SYRINGES, CROWN WATER BOTTLES, DRUGGISTS' & STATIONERS' SUNDRIES. tS- EVERY DESCRIPTION Oh HARD RUBBER GOODS. 'fenlion TJie JiuUa Jiuhhrr World when vou wrU», •^5^ •/^^•/S^ •:9 in size, and as useful as ornamental. If your lobber has run short, wnte MEYER RUBBER CO., 42 Broadway, New York. XVIII THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [OCTOUER I, 1904. RAINBOW PACKING. Makes a Steam PlanKe and Hot Water Joint Instantly. Don't have to use wire and cloth to hold Rainbow. Can't blow it out. Thousands of Imitators. No Equal. Will Hold Highest Pressure. THE COLOR OF RAINBOW PACKING IS RED. None Genuine without our Trade Mark, the word ' Rainbow " in a Diamond in black in three rows of Diamonds extending throughout the entiie length of each and every roll of Rainbow Packing. Peerless Rubber Fire Engine Hose. We would call the attention of those desiring to purchase Fire Hose to the fact that we have in the New York Fire Department, Hose which has been in constant use for over eight years and shows no sign of giving out. Peerless Suction Hose. Our Peerless Steel-Clad Suction Hose has become a general favorite among Firemen. It has been adopted as the standard by some of the largest City Fire Departments in the United States and foreign countries. We guarantee this hose in every respect,, and can repair it when damaged. RUBBER HOSE. CONDUCTING, GARDEN, Peerless, Lakeside, Red Lable, Crown, Knicker, Made any diameter. ENGINE, HYDRANT. Rainbow Ribbon, Sterling, Reliance, riade only in j^ and ^ inch. Fortune Seamless Rubber Belt t5* t^ «3~ Absolutely the finest and most durable Rubber Belt yet produced. Every belt tested before leaving factory. ^^^ t^^ t^r^ J^ Ji J^ We have the most modern and exten- sive belt machinery in the world and guar- antee satisfaction in every instance. ^2^ f^/^ '^^ Copyrighted and Manufactured Exclusively by THE PEERLESS RUBBER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 16 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK. 16-24 Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. 203-210 S. Water Si., Chicago, 111. 17--23 Beale St., and 18-24 Main St., San Francisco, Cal. 209-211 Magazine Street, New Orleans, La. ta4 Smithflekl Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 1221-1223 Union Avenue, Kansas City, Mo. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD LOOKING FROM FACTORY TO FOREST. tfe-P^ Published ou the 1st of each Month by TilEIiNUIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. No. 150 NASSAU ST.. NEW YORK. HENRY C. PEARSON, F.niTOR. HAWTHORNE HILL, ASSOCIATE. Vol. 31, OCTOBER 1, 1904. No. 1, PAGE. 1 .A.D. Thornton SUBSCRIPTIONS: $3.00 per year, $1.76 for six months, postpaid, for the United States and Canada. Foreign countries, same price. Special Itates for Clubs of live, ten or more subscribers. ADVKKTI8IN0: Kates will be made known on application. Rkmittancks: Should always be made bybank draft, fost OfflceOrder' or Kxpress Money orders on New York, payable to The India Kubbk.h PUHLLSHiNtiCoMPANV. Item ittauccs for foreign subscriptions should be sent by International Tost order, payable as above. DiscONTiNUANCKS : Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertislnK are regarded as permanent, and after the llrst twelve months they will be discontinued only at the request of the subscriber or advertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning of each period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance. COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. Entered at New York Post Office as mail matter of the second-class. TABLE OF CONTENTS, Editorial : Looking from Factory to Forest A "Timorous" Association An Encyclopedia Arlicle on Rubber Minor Edi'.orial Experiments in Congo Rubber Literature of India-Rubbev Rubber Coagulating Methods in Central Africa. O. Van den KercWiove [Followed by Notes from the Work nf .MM. De Wildeman and Gentil.J [VVilh 8 Illustrations ] India-Rubber Goods in Commerce [Official statistics lor the United Stales, Canada, and Great Britain.] The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain . Our Regular Correspondtnt [St;ite of Trade. Rubber Heels. Dental Rubber Patent. Rubb'jr So- lution. Faults in Cables. Peruvian Rubber. Two German Rubber Works.] Rubber Planting and Exploitation [Company Plantations in Mexico. New Company to Work in Peru. Nicaragua, Mysore, and Bolivia. Rubber at the Kuala Lumpur Show.] India-Rubber at the St. Louis World's Fair (By The EdiU>r] [International Jury of Awards. Jury No. ii. India-Rubber and Allied Exhibits.] [With 1 Illustration.] New Goods and Specialties in Rubber [The Samson Leather Tire. Squire's " Quick " Golf Ball. More Krotz Tire Patents. " Bottlehot." Buck • New Dial Dating Stamp. Prussian Rubber Sponges.] [With 5 Illustrations.) The Amazon Rubber Prospect An Occasional Contributor Recent Rubber Patents [.American. British. German. French,] Rubber Interests in Europe [Leyland and Hirmingh.im Rubber Co.'s Report. New Feature at the Ru»si.\n-.-\merican Factory, in St. Petersburg. Notes.] Rubber Industry in Massachusetts [Statisiics of Growth for Four Years.] New Trade Publications — The Voorhees Rubber Co. at St, Louis { lUuslratcd) Miscellaneous: Itublier Mats and Beestings Mutual Factory Insurance (;ougo Consul to The United Slates Kiibber Horseshoes and Others WireU'Ss Telegraphy on tlie Ami'.zou Shoes and Kubbeis ill White - The Hard Kubber Howling Ball News of the American Rubber Trade [With P.irtrait of Mr, R, Kaye Gray.] Review of the Crude Rubber Market U 13 18 19 21 22 27 27 12 18 21 22 28 28 28 23 28 /^N another page appears a communication from a rub- ^-^ ber manufacturer who, in detailing some difficulties he has met in treating Congo rubbers, no doubt is re- counting the e.xperience of other manufacturers as well. At any rate, we regard his letter as worthy of general interest, and give space to it with a view to inducing fur- ther investigation, and as a basis for discussion which may lead to practical results. It is significant of the broadening of the field of rubber investigation when a manufacturer at Montreal expresses concern about the methods of treating rubber /aUx on the river Lopori, To Mr. Goodyear rubber was rubber — very much as tin is tin. He did, indeed, speak in his book of "three varieties" of rubber, "among which there is a marked dillerence, although it is not, in the present stage of the manufacture, sufficient to cause any great difference in the quality of the goods made from them," And it is safe to say that in the generation of rubber manufacturers and factory superintendents who followed Mr, Goodyear, able and successful as many of them proved to be, there were very few who realized the great variety of character- istics of rubber, or to what such differences were really due. If, in what we may call the haphazard factory prac- tice of their time, less satisfactory results were obtained from one lot of rubber than from another, it was most likely attributed to any other cause but bad methods, in some cases, in the coagulation of the rubber. Even yet Congo rubber, still comparatively new to manufacturers, is often spoken of as it were one definite material, instead of which it is a surprisingly varied class of rubbers. By way of illustration, we may mention that the 513 tons of Congo rubbers offered at the September inscription sale at Antwerp were catalogued under no less than 31 commercial designations. It is true that in many cases these were geographical terms, and that rubber of the same character might have been offered under differ- ent names. But that there were wide differences in qual- ity is indicated in another way. The rubber was catalogued under 81 lot numbers, with prices marked by the ofticial broker, in advance of the sale, to show his estimation of the values, based upon the last public sales of similar rub- ber. Thirty- five different prices were marked, ranging from 3 francs to 11,45 francs per kilogram — i. e , from 26^ cents to $1 per pound. Evidently, then, the designa- tion " Congo rubber " covers a wider range of materials than can be expressed by "good, bad, and indifferent," It remains to be considered whether the wide variations in Congo rubbers are legitimate, or unpreventable. In an article which we published just two years ago Monsieur van den Kerckhove, a Belgian expert, insisted upon the word condition, and not quality, in speaking of the apparent deterioration of certain Congo rubber sorts, and he did not hesitate to assert that " the greater part of the lots emanating from the Congo region are more or less tainted." In other words, the rubber suffered either from improper preparation, or in careless handling in transit, with the result that unnecessarily low prices were realized. THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. M. van den Kerckhove, who has lately returned from Africa, favors The India Rubber World this month with a report on the methods of rubber coagulation employed in the Congo region, from which it is plain that the char- acter of the product must be sensibly affected by the process employed, as well as by proper care or the lack of it. The Congo rubbers are derived from several dif- ferent trees and vines, with different inherent qualities, and not all susceptible to the same treatment. In the evolution of an article of rubber manufacture, therefore, the employment of right processes is no less essential in the African forest than in the factory at Montreal. And we believe that the next important development in con- nection with rubber will be in the preparation of the raw material — a work which will be greatly stimulated by the experiments now under way on plantations in Ceylon and elsewhere, which afford so much greater facilities for scientific study than any rubber camps now existent in tropical forests. Meanwhile there is a profitable field for study in the factory laboratory, in comparing the behavior of rubber of differing conditions, as well as rubbers of different natural quality, under the same treatment, both for the present good of the manufacturer, and in order that the scientific culturist — and, later, the intelligent supervisor of forest rubber extraction — may be guided in produc- ing just the grades of rubber required. A "TIMOROUS" ASSOCIATION. move, lest some of his customers be driven away, to be captured by a competitor who adheres to the old price scale. And if, in spite of the manifold difficulties involved, a general agreement among competitors to advance prices should be reached, it is absolutely impossible for concerns of varying financial strength, and doing business under widely varying conditions, to long adhere strictly to the terms of the agreement. Suppose that " penalties " be m- flicted upon the price cutters — -that does not cover the whole ground. Who shall compensate a manufacturer, not financially strong, whose loss^of trade by adhering to a rigid price agreement brings him to bankruptcy ? This is the crucial test of every price agreement thai ever was made. But isn't it a little hard on the India-Rubber Manufac- turers' Association to tax it with not working for the ben- efit of the outside competitors with its members ? If they want prices advanced, and don't feel able to do it alone, it is open to them to join the Association, which then doubtless would feel in a stronger position, and more dis- posed to act. As matters stand, however, for the Associa- tion members to take the initiative in raising prices, with no obligation imposed on the outsiders, would be to create the situation known in the United States as " holding the umbrella over the other fellow ; " the outsider would be able to do more trade, perhaps at better rates, while incur- ring no risk and none of the unpopularity that comes from putting up the prices of goods. \ X rRITING of the India-rubber Manufacturers' Asso- elation of Great Britain, The India-Rubber Journal remarks: "The Association has splendid work before it, but this we are afraid it will never accomplish until it has freed itself from the somewhat timorous spirit which seems to afflict its actions." What is the matter with the Association ? Our contem- porary's indictment charges it with failing to recommend an advance in the selling prices of rubber goods " when- ever necessary," or, when such recommendation is made, with not inflicting penalties on " any small minority of its members " who may fail to respect it. In regard to the present situation the Journal remarks : " This delay on the part of the Association in recommending an increase has further aggravated the state of affairs in the rubber trade, for most of the trade outside of the Association were waiting for them to move before following their example." But before making these assertions it happens that our contemporary, in the same article, feels called upon to state that "it has also been shown that the manufacturer who is last to increase the price of his manufactured rubber goods always does extra trade," and we infer from the context that every individual manufacturer must be the judge for himself whether this extra trade is likely to prove profitable or otherwise. The same conditions obtain in England as elsewhere : Everybody in a given trade may feel that prices of goods are too low to yield adequate profits and ought to be ad- vanced, but each manufacturer hesitates to make the first AN ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE ON RUBBER. IT is doubtful whether very many persons will buy the seven- teen sumptuous volumes comprised in " The New Interna- tional Encyclopedia " (New York : Dodd, Mead & Co., 1904) on account of its article on " Rubber," to which 2 pages are de- voted, as against 7 pages to butterflies, 2% to sharks, 8 to silk, 5 to shorthand, and 3 to " Unemployment." Yet these two pages will not fail to interest such persons as may desire to re- fresh their memories in regard to what they don't know about rubber. First, the derivation of the title word is interesting — thus : Rubber (from tub ; perhaps connected Gael. >u!>, Welsh rhiibio, to rub ; If. ruboir, Gael, rhbaer, a rubber), I.VDIA Rubbkr or Caoutchouc Now you know how this important article of commerce got its name. Rubber is referred to as being obtained from several species of trees, but no mention is made of rubber vines. These trees, it seems, are tapped, with the result that a peculiar sap flows out into small cups placed in position for the purpose. The material thus accumulated in these cups is emptied daily into a large vessel, in which it is allowed to smolder over a slow fire until the water is evaporated and the rubber shaped into cakes is ready for export. This should prove interesting on the Amazon, particularly. Next attention is given to the subject of Vulcanization, of which we read : Its effect is to render rubber elastic, impervious, and unchangeable in texture under all ordinary conditions. In regard to the commercial use of rubber, it appears that — In 1852 a Boston sea captain imported into America 500 pairs of rub- ber boots which had been made by the natives of Brazil. These were readily sold for from $3 to $5 per pair, and a great demand for them OcroBER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD WIS created. During the next 15 years more than 1,000,000 pairs were sold. It is not stated whether the use of rubber boots came to an end in 1867. Charles Goodyear is credited with important work in connection with rubber, through adopting Leuders- dorf's discovery and acquiring the patent of Nathaniel Hay- ward, but the date of Goodyear's activity is not given. In England, Charles Macintosh (spelled in this book Mcintosh) brought out a waterproof garment which is still known by his name. We learn that rubber is always plentiful, and that new sources of supply are frequently discovered. There has been a steady increase in the value of rubber imported into the United States, due in part to "the rise in price, which in 1900 was 63 cents per pound." And this in a book printed in the summer of 1904! It is all very readable, but we cannot help thinking that the editors of the new encyclopedia might have saved themselves some labor by omitting the preparation of a special article on " Rubber." Their readers would have been benefited quite as much had they reproduced the account of rubber making given in Mr. Rodolphe Wyss's delectable romance, "The Swiss Family Robinson," the scene of which is laid in a desert island about 1800. The rubber industry in Massachusetts, having been long established, and become extensive and well organized, may well be taken as a criterion of the industry of the whole coun- try, in any study of general conditions. On another page of this issue appears a tabulated comparison, for four years, of details reported in confidence, to a state office, from 47 fac- tories — believed to comprise 80 per cent, of the rubber goods production in the state — from which it appears that a steady increase has been made in the value of products, as well as in the value of stock used, the number of wage earners employed, and in the amount of wages paid. If these identical conditions should prove true of the industry outside of Massachusetts, it would be a most satisfactory state of affairs, and we know of no reason for supposing that the rubber manufacturers else- where have been less successful. Certainly the steadily in- creasing imports of crude rubber into the United States indi- cate a corresponding increase in consumption, which has not all been confined to Massachusetts. Boots and shoes form one item of rubber goods produc- tion concerning which it is easier to obtain definite information from published official statistics than in regard to most other wares into which rubber enters. Without doubt footwear of this description is all the while coming into the wider use, biit in the case of each of the European countries producing such goods the tendency is towards the supplying of the home de- mand by home factories. Some figures which we print this month indicate a gradual decline of imports of rubber footwear into Great Britain, and an increase in exports. Last month we presented some statistics of a similar nature relating to Austria-Hungary, and a like showing would be made by France and Germany. Our British correspondent this month also contributes a suggestion on the general subject. The one con- clusion to be made is that the future of the export trade in rubber footwear of any country must depend upon the cultiva- tion of a demand in non manufacturing countries, and in this connection it is of interest to note that Great Britain's exports of such goods to her own colonies increased from 46,340 dozen pairs in igoi to 106,560 dozen pairs two years later. And last month we showed that Austria-Hungary's exports of rubber shoes to Turkey had increased nine fold during three years. and to British India nearly three fold. Hong Kong took more than a half million pairs of British made rubber shoes last year, which more than three times the amount taken in 1901. Some of these increases, of course, have been at tiie expense of other exporting countries, but the facts stated all have a bearing upon the prospective importance of comparatively new markets for rubber shoes. In a broader sense, they relate to conditions which may have to be considered in connection with the rubber trade as a whole— the growing independence of each manufacturing country of foreign goods, and the ne- cessity of seeking outlets for export in countries not provided with rubber factories. EXPERIMENTS WITH CONGO RUBBER. TO THE Ediior of The India Rubber World: A friend of mine in the rubber business asked me to help solve a difficulty he had in curing some white goods in a mold ; some- times he would have no trouble whatever, and then without any apparent reason the goods would come out undercured. We went over all the compounds; our first suspicions were directed towards the lime, but we found no trouble apparent there ; afterwards we looked at the rubber, which was Lopori ; the piece I saw was cut from a roll which has been ground down on the mill. I believe the trouble was eliminated by changing the com- pound a little, but the point which interested me (and I have no doubt will interest you, inasmuch as I know many of your readers have had the same trouble) was that the trouble had occurred without any apparent reason ; the compounds had not been changed, and as far as we could possibly determine no mistake had been made. Since then I have come to the conclusion that the trouble was with the crude rubber ; my conclusions are drawn from the following experiments : First. I took some high grade Lopori, carefully selecting it, avoiding any of the gum which showed signs of having sweated. After mixing it with the compounds I cured it, and found the results quite satisfactory. Second. I took some of the same lot of Lopori, including some of the sweated gum, treated it exactly the same; the re- sults were not nearly as satisfactory. The binding of the mass was not good, and when stretched it broke short, whereas the first experiment did not. Third. I took some gum which was sweated throughout (from the same lot) ; with the same treatment it showed a com- plete failure. It was not cured. It had turned a dirty color. I gave it a further curing — in fact I burnt it — but there were no signs of a correct or complete cure. To me this was very interesting, as showing that sweated gum must not be used for this purpose— that you cannot judge gum after it has been ground on a mill. I find further that a sweated rubber may be washed, dried, etc., and, after being ground, it will present a very good appear- ance, but after laying it aside for a month or two I find that a steady decomposition has taken place. It is not at once appar- ent. It still feels hard and looks all right, but test its elasticity and its deterioration is quite apparent. Will you tell me, Mr. Editor, why the gathering of crude rubber on the Congo is not carried out in somewhat the same way as on the Amazon ? It would seem that if a good red Upper Congo milk is cured in the same way as Para, better re- sults would be obtained. Yours truly, A. D. THORNTON, Geucral Superintendent, The Canadi.in Rubber Co. nf Montreal. Montreal, Canada September, 19, 1904. THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. LITERATURE OF INDIA-RUBBER. RUBBER, GUTTA-PRRCHA. AND BALATA. BY FRANZ CLOUTH, Co- logne. First English Translation. Willi Additions .ind Emendations by the Author. London: Maclaren & Sons. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co. lyoj. [Cloch, .*vvo. Tp. 242. Price, $5.] THIS work in its original form, under the title " Gummi, Guttapercha und Balata," was published in Leipsic some six years ago. The additions which have been made to it make it practically a new work. In his brief introduction Mr. Clouth says not a word about his long experience as a rubber manu- facturer, or his careful researches — botanical, historic, or tech- nical — but the English speaking trade know of him and have welcomed the rendering of his work into their language as en- thusiastically as did his fellow countrymen the German edi- tion. The first 100 pages of the volume are devoted to the natural history of Caoutchouc. This is done very thoroughly, and the work is notably helped by the 18 botanical illustrations and a map showing the geographical distribution of rubber. There is a very complete tabular synopsis of plants yielding India- rubber, giving genus, species, synonyma, habitat, and local name. There is also a general description of the various pro- cesses employed in tapping and coagulating. Then come figures on the world's production of raw rubber, together with a chart of prices of rubber from 1861 to the present. Following this is a valuable chapter on the chemical and physical properties of rubber, and then the reader reaches the part devoted to the manufacture of rubber goods. Beginning with soft rubber, there are valuable facts arranged in tabular form, covering the shrinkages of rubber after washing, as well as the resinous contents of a great variety of rubbers. Mass- ing, calendering, and vulcanizing are described, and special attention is paid to a description of the manufacture of cut sheet. Mechanical rubber goods, boots and shoes, clothing, and general molded work next receive attention, after which hard rubber is treated. In a chapter on price cutting in the rubber trade this practice is very strongly condemned. There are some 81 pages devoted to Gutta-percha and Balata, including botanical and statistical tables of value. The volume ends with a list of the principal articles made from India-rub- ber and Gutta-percha. As Mr. Clouth is a practical rubber manufacturer, and by writing this book has in a measure taken the world into his confidence, one is a trifle disappointed to find no typical com- pounds, no processesof manufacture, and no new mechanical ap- pliances that have come within the scope of his experience, but that would perhaps be asking too much. At all events, the book is a valuable addition to the literature of India-rubber and well worth the perusal of any one interested in the lines that it covers. LIANES CAOUTCHOUTIFERES DE L'ETAT INDp'PENDANT DU Congo. Par E. De Wildeman et L. Gentii. - - - Bruxelles; 1904. [Cloth. Large Svo, Pp. x%'i + 2i3-|-36 plates + map. Price. 25 francs.] With the commercial development of the Congo Free State the world is familiar, but less attention has been attracted by the progress made in the scientific study of the natural re- sources of that region, liberally supported, as it has been, by the state, through a recognition of its ultimate utility. Indeed, the publications of the Congo state have been, to a very large extent, of a scientific character, and embrace much work en- titled to the highest credit. The flora of the Congo has re- ceived particular attention, and its study has possessed sjiecial interest from the facts which have been revealed regarding the many rubber yielding species encountered. The present work is devoted to nearly a score of latex yield- ing lianes (creepers, or vines), from which are derived the greater proportion of the great volume of Caoutchouc exported from the Congo. By a study of the characteristics of the dif- ferent plants may be obtained a better idea of the cause of the differences between rubbers from various tributaries of the Congo, and a basis is established for selecting the methods of coagulation best adapted for this or that locality. The present work, however, is no guide to rubber preparation, but a con- tribution to the proper classification of species, the text being supplemented by a large number of plates illustrating the flowers, leaves, and fruits of the different lianes, in natural size and natural colors, by means of which the plants may be recog- nized readily. Not all the plants described are of economic value, but it is no less important to know what species to avoid than to know what to " work " for rubber. This monograph is of value, not only for the new facts em- bodied in it, but for the completeness and excellence of its compilation of knowledge which hitherto has been available, but only in countless scattered and fragmentary publications. The joint authors are both connected with the state botanical gardens at Brussels, besides which Dr. De Wildeman is a mem- ber of the faculty of the horticultural school at Vilvorde, and Mons. Gentii is a state forestry inspector in the Congo — the later position having been created with a view to the conserva- tion of rubber resources. No other two botanists known to us are better equipped for collaboration on such a work, and it is difficult to point out how the work could have been done bet- ter. The mechanical production of the book has been in keep- ing with the results achieved by its authors. UEBER HERKOMMEN UND CHEMIE DES KAUTSCHUKS. VON DR. E'i. Marciiwald und Dr. Fritz Frank. Dresden: Steinkopff & Springer. 1904. [Paper. Svo. Pp.68. Price, 1.50 marks.] A COLLECTION principally of memoranda found in the writ- ings of the late Dr. Robert Henriques, whose laboratory was acquired by the gentlemen named on the title page. These notes have been rendered more complete by reference to the latest discoveries by Messrs. Weber, Harries and others, and thus brought down to date, the whole being arranged in two sections— botanical and chemical. The work is meant to be especially helpful in determining the technical value of the various grades of rubber, while the numerous references will guide those in search of further reading or study to the wider literature of the subject. These notes appeared originally in the Gummi-Zeitung . IDENTIFICATION OF GUTTA-PERCHA AND ALLIED GUMS BY Means of Their Resins. By Wilton G. Berry. Reprinted from \}[\f: Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, New York Section, May 31, 1904. Lon- don : ig04. [16 mo. Pp.8.] A SYNOPSIS of this paper, the author of which is a chemist connected with the laboratory of the United States customs service, at New York appeared in The India Rubber World of June i, 1904 [page 297]. IN CURRENT PUBLICATIONS. QuELQOES Plantes a Caoutchouc de I'Ouest de Madagascar. By Henri Jumelle.=A'^2/«^ des Cultures Coloniales, Paris. XIV-146 (April 5, iqo.)). Pp. 200 201. Landolphia Thollonii (Dewcvre) et Landolphia Parui/olia (K. Schu- mann), Contribution a la connaissance de I'origine du Caoutchouc des herbes. By Henry Yla3L. = Revue d^s Cultures Coloniales, Paris. XIV- 142 (February 5, 1904). Pp. 65-79. Le Caoutchoutier de Ce'ara i Inhambane [Portuguese East Africa.] By \\iz\mo Cnxiozo. ^Journal d^ Agriculture Tropicale, Paris. IV-32 (February 29, 1904). Pp. 3S-40. Methodes Indigenes de Recolte et de Preparation de Differents Caoutchoucs du Congo. By E. De \Vildman. = AVz'Kf des Cultures Coloniales, VaixKs. Xni-130 (November 5. 1903). Pp. 269-270. Ficus Caoutchouciferes du Congo. By Emil De VlWdmstU — Revue des Cultures Coloniales, Paris. XIV-149 (May 20, 1904). Pp. 293-294. OcTOIiER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD RUBBER COAGULATING METHODS IN CENTRAL AFRICA. By Gitstave van den Kerckhove {Brussels). OF all rubber producing countries the Congo Free State without doubt offers the greatest variety in the way of coagulating latex. How many native systems are em- ployed for coagulating! he /ii/f.r of the Landolphia vine, for instance, it would be hard to say, though at least six or seven general methods are in use. But every tribe, even every man of a tribe, has his own ideas about the preparation of rub- ber. This is the reason why every parcel and even every piece of a parcel of Congo rubber shows some difTerence from every other piece and parcel. For example, take a parcel of a few tons of white rubber ball (" Equateur"), and of the 50,000 to 60.000 pieces (mostly balls) of that parcel, no two are alike ; some are small, some large, others adulterated, and so on. They show the character of the men who have prepared them, and a keen observer could even estimate approxi- mately the age of the men by the size of the pieces. I do not believe that civilization in Central Africa has improved the quality of rubber, except in checking adulteration. It is well known that a savage negro from the interior may make better rubber than the coast native who has been " in touch with civilization," and this is not only so in the Con- go, but in every African rub- ber producing district. Of the different methods of coagulation which I shall now endeavor to describe, only one has been suggested or discov- ered by the white man. Not only is there a great variety in the way the native coagulates the latex, but in the different forms he gives to the rubber, viz.: Balls, cakes, slabs, brace- lets, strips, cubes (thimbles), and so on. This, of course, is merely a question of fancy. Most of the Congo rubber is taken from the Landolphia tapping 'lan vine, and the first method of curing the rubber — here men- tioned because it is the oldest — is that known among the natives as the calabash system. The native collects the milk in a calabash, in which a hole has been madeat the bottom, some water being mixed with the latex. After 12 to 2ohoursof rest, the latex, which has already reached a state of consistency, floats, and the water is poured out by opening the hole. The latex alone remains now in the calabash for a certain time, and is given whatever size or form the native fancies, when it Is left to dry naturally, or sometimes is slightly smoked. This method, in vogue among the natives of the Aruwimi, Itimbiri, Mongala, Kasai, and Kwilu districts, is fairly good, though the rubber has a tendency to ferment. In some regions farther north the method employed is still more primitive. The latex is collected with a leaf and poured into any sort of receptacle — calabash, wooden jar, or iron pot - and is left to coagulate naturally, with the result that most of the rubber collected in this way is fermented, and even rotten. It is singular that such curing gives rubber of good elastic qual- ities, but the smell of the stuff is simply horrible. The Kasai district natives use two different methods. For instance, after the vine has been tapped they cover their bodies with the latex a.n6 re- turn home. The water con- tained in the latex having by that time evaporated, the latex, which has then the ap- pearance of rubber, is taken off and turned by hand into balls or twists. This method is also used by other natives of the upper Congo. Here is another method of the Kasai natives: The vine is bled and the next morning the latex, having become slightly coagu- lated in the open air along the branch of the vine, they take the rubber, winding it round their fingers or a small stick, making twists of ten balls per twist. This rubber, known under the name of " prime red Kasai." is one of the best Afri- can grades. The "prime black Kasai" is obtained by the boiling and smoking process, of which I shall say a few words further. Now I come to a most im- portant question about curing the latex of Landolphia— Vnt process of coagulation with the Bosanga juice. The Costus afer (the " Bosanga " plant) has more the appearance of a DOLPHiA- VINES. reed than a tree. The coagu- lating properties of its juice were discovered a few years ago in the Lopori district, and this method gives wonderful results, although it is Aery simple. A small percentage of Bosanga juice is mixed with the latex and, with his finger or a stick, the man stirs the liquid, the coagulation taking place almost in- stantly. After this, the latex, which now is a thick mass, is shaped into balls and left to dry in the shade or stored in a bungalow. It takes as a rule six to eight weeks for the rubber to dry enough for shipment to Europe. I think it most im- portant to mention that the Bosanga juice coagulates latex 6 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. KODUtH U4THEREBS IN CAMP. from vines only, and not from trees. Most of the Congo white rubbers are coagulated by this method. The Lopori grades, so well known among American manufacturers, are thus prepared, and also the Bussira, Lulonga, Ikelemba, Maringa, and some Mongala kinds. The official gardens at Eala (Equateur dist- rict) supply seeds of the Bosanga plant, which is also known by the natives as Bokako. There has again been much talk lately about the " Caout- chouc des herbes," or root rubber, largely obtained from Lan- dolphia Thollonii, and known to commerce as "thimbles." I shall not dwell at length on the peculiar characteristics of this plant, which has been described in The India Rubber World [See May i, 1903 — page 261]. The natives of the Kwango district, and also around Stanley Pool, where the /.««- dolpkia Thollonii is so plentiful, tear up the roots, and, after having cut them into pieces of about seven or eight inches, ex- pose them under the sun, and afterwards plunge them into water. The whole is then beaten with sticks to separate the bark from the latex. After this operation has been repeated several times, the mass still containing water and bark is boiled. After being dried it is shaped into large sheets, about yi inch thick and these sheetsor cakes, when dried still morearecut in- to small cubes, which take the name of "thim- bles" on the European and American mar- kets. These thimbles con- tain as a rule about 30 to 50 per cent, of bark. Many RUBBER MADE INTO CAKES AFTER BOILING. patented tOOls ^ 1 ^ EQUATEUR RUBBER GATHERERS AT HOME. or apparatus are offered for the extraction of the latex from the "Caoutchouc des herbes," but I am inclined to. think that the native system is the best thus far put in operation. Thus far most of the Landolphiavxne latex o{ the district has been cured with the Bosanga juice, but lately some experiments have been undertaken in the Ikelemba region with a method sim- ilar to that of curing the Hevea rubber in Ceylon, this being the method previously referred to as having been introduced by white men. This system, which might be called the straining, pressing, and extra drying cure, has given rather good results, but in my opinion, it is likely to be adopted in methodical rubber plantations. In some parts of the Congo, especially in the Kasai region, every piece of rubber is slightly smoked. Some tribes of the same region used to coagulate the latex with human urine. In the way of curing rubber the native has certainly observed many things. I shall not attempt to settle the question whether he has himself discovered that smoke, on account of its anti- septic properties (creosote), lends to prevent oxidation, or that certain salts help the coagulation. It is quite true that their methods are primitive, but it is most astonishing to observe that with all his knowledge, his up-to-date tools, his use of chemistry, the white man has failed to prepare such good rub- ber here as the almost savage negroes ol Central Africa. I have found this to be the case everywhere I have traveled in RUBBER DRYING IN THE AIR. October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER NVORLD Africa. I suppose the white man has not yet acquired what 1 shall call in French the lour de main. Brussels, Auyusl 27. 1904. ♦ • * THE " BOSANGA " PLANT. COAGULATION OF •" ROOT RUBBER. " The above paper may appropriately be supplemented by some e.xtracts from a new work by MM. De Wildman and Gentil (" Lianes Caoutchoutifrrs de I'l^lat Independant du Congo.'" Brussels : 1904), a translation of which follows : "The acid sap which the natives use for coagulating the rubber is furnished by a native plant, very common throughout the whole Congo territory, under the name of ' Bosanga," ' Bo- sasanga,' or ' Bokako ' ; this sap possesses the acidity of sorrel. The' Bosanga ' is a plant attaining a maximum height of i^ to 2 meters; its leaves are not attached to the stem opposite one another, but they run spirally around it. The fruit does not grow at the foot of the plant, as is still quite often stated, but at the crown ; it is not long and red, but lleshy globular and greenish in color, and ripens from flowers which are always placed at the tip of the branches and which are of a beautiful pinkish white hue. This plant, the scientific name of which is Costus Lucanustanus* must not be confounded with another plant to which it bears some resemblance, which belongs to the genus Amontuin, which does not have a sap possessing the quality of inducing coagulation. " The natives use the following method for coagulating India- rubber with the 'Bosanga': While one man cuts off the Bisanga" stalks, from which he removes the leaves, another holds a number of blades taken from the leaves of the banana tree over the tire, which makes them remarkably flexible. Then a small excavation is dug in the soil. In this the banana leaf is placed, and the latex poured into it. Three or four stalks of Cos/us are held together and twisted over the hole containing the latex, which, under the action of the acid sap, immediately coagulates. The native now, with his hands, molds the coagulated mass into a ball and then presses it firm- ly, this operation being repeated until all the watery content of the/(j/^.r has been forced out. •This is not thesamedesigiiation as K'veii by M. van den Kerrkhove, whogives the name Costus afer to the plant he lias sketched for The India RuiutHR WoKLD, as illustrated on this page. There are, however, many different species of Costus in tropical .\frica, and doubtless the juice of more than one of them is used in coagulatins: rubber — The Editoe. " In order to obtain the sap from the Costus, the native sometimes use a different process ; he splits the stalk open and passes it between one of his fingers and the blade of his knife, allowing the sap of the plant to run into a receptacle, where it only needs to be slightly purified before it may be used for the coagulation of a correspondingly great quantity of latex. " As we have stated above, the sap of the Costus Lucanustanus does not in any way act upon the latex of the Clitatidra A mo III tana [a "root rubber" plantj. The na- tives use two dif- ferent methods for coagulating the latter: " I. By boiling the latex. " 2. By pouring the latex into boil- ing water. " In using the first named pro- cess, the natives simply boil the latex, whereupon it begins to coagu- late as soon as ebullition takes place; this meth- od, however, is generally unadvis- able, as the coagu- lated mass retains in its meshes a quantity of serum which is often considerable in quantity, the albuminous parts of which may after a time make the rubber pitchy or sticky. " In using the second of these methods, the Congo natives boil water and pour the latex which they have gathered into It, and it instantaneously coagulates. The first process gives an inferior quality of latex, sometime sticky; the second fur- nishes that beautiful black gum so much appreciated in com- merce. " After having obtained the coagulated mass by the second method, the natives cool the rubber by plunging it into cold water, afterwards strongly press- ing the balls with their hands or ct between two leaves, in order I remove together with the Aater and the excess of serum, that portion of the latex which may not have coagulated." »1k-4 iXL, X-M ckinE, and Hose. Boots and Shoes. All other Rubber. Total. July. 1904 January-June Total $ 74.427 430,239 $504,666 474.684 386,105 351.649 317.726 $113,652 358,476 $472,128 341.792 355,092 291,356 251.525 $ 178,449 1,204,133 $1,382,582 1,459.954 1,116,558 1,073,822 861,627 $ 366,528 1,992,848 $2,359,376 2,276,430 1,857,755 1,716,827 1,430,878 Total, 1903 Total, 1902 Total, 1901. . Total. 1900 . . . SEVEN MONTHS FOR LAST TWO YEARS COMrAKED. Gain in belting, packing, and hose $ 29,982 Gain in boots and shoes . 130,336 Loss in " All other rubber" Net gain in seven months of 1904 $160,318 77,372 I 82,946 DOMINION OF CANADA. The figures which follow are derived from the unrevised monthly official statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1904. Comparative figures for preceding years are not given, for the reason that the latest figures are subject to revision, but former statistics may be found in The India Rubber World of January 1, 1904 (page 128). The first table relates to " Im- ports entered for consumption " of manufactures of India- rubber and Gutta-percha, and indicates a falling ofT from 1902 03: United Great Imports. States. Britain. Boots and shoes $141,281 | 341 Belting 49,618 1,076 Clothing and water- proof cloth 44, 80S 314,585 Hose 47.404 919 Packing and mats 49.395 1,392 All other 274,250 43.353 Other Countries. $ 73 1,453 "7 67 24,030 Total Value. $141,695 50,694 360,846 48,440 50.854 341,633 Total $606,756 $361,666 $25,740 $994,162 Exports of Canadian rubber manufactures show a slight de- cline as compared with the preceding year, and the smallest figures since 1897-98. The distribution of rubber exports for 1903-04 was : To Great Britain $39,378 " United States g 994 "Australia 31,583 " Other countries 47.112 $128,067 RAW MATERIALS. The returns embrace these details relating to crude India- rubber and allied details. Of the items mentioned, other than India-rubber and Gutta-percha, no matter how described, doubtless the greater part is reclaimed rubber, produced in the United States. The amount of India-rubber proper is greater than in any previous year, indicating a greater production of goods for home consumption : Classification. Pounds. Value. Gutta-percha 85 $ 116 India-rubber 3,213.277 2,197,712 Rubber, recovered ; rubber substitute, and hard rubber in sheets 2,133.437 277,770 Rubber powdered and rubber waste 406,489 36.5VO Total, 1903-04 5,753,288 $2,512,168 Total. 1902 03 5,404,124 1,820,054 Total, 1901 02 4,792,088 1,653.704 GREAT BKITAIN AND IRELAND. The foreign trade of the United Kingdom in manufactures of India-rubber for the past five years, as shown by the oflicial returns, has remained practically at a standstill, as will appear from this comparison of values — the figures not embracing waterproofed apparel : 1899. 1900. igoi. 190;'. 1903, Exports.. ^^1,388,805 ;f 1.423,464 ;^-,.] The annual election, early in August, resulted in the election of George T. Hawley as president, succeeding L. H. Bonestell. Mr. Hawley was formerly a vice president, together with L. S. Sherman and E. A. Girvin. There are now only two vice pres- idents, Mr. Sherman being elected as first and Mr. Girvin as second. The following were reelected : F. F. Bostwick, secre- tary ; Charles Fredericks, treasurer ; C. A. Westenberg, man- aging director. The remaining directors are Messrs. Field, Shreve, Winn and Washburne. The shareholders selected Dr. P. R. Watts, of Sacramento, California, to make the annual in- spection of the plantation, which he will visit in October. Work on the plantation is reported to be progressing satisfactorily, the monthly disbursements for some time past having averaged $20,000, Me.-ican. RUBBER PLANTING IN NICARAGUA. Among the rubber plantations owned in the United States and located in Nicaragua is one of about 15,000 four year old trees, on a tract of 252 acres, situated 21 miles north of Blue- fields, near Cukra Landing, on one of the many lagoons along that coast. It is owned by a small group of citizens of Mem- phis, Tennessee, organized as The Memphis Tropical Fruit and Rubber Co., of which Dr. H. T. Lynch is secretary. The plan- tation was formed by a former owner of the land, and was pur- chased as a result of a visit which Dr. Lynch made to Nicara- gua for the purpose of investigating rubber culture. He in- forms The India Rubber World that the trees on this prop- erty are in first class condition, and he is encouraged at the prospects of rubber culture in Nicaragua. The resident mana- ger of the property is D. H. McCulIough, a Memphis man. CEARA RUBBER IN MYSORE (INDIa). The superintendent of the gf)vernment gardens in the native state of Mysore publishes in the .Ifysore Gazette a note on the growth in that region of the Ceara rubber tree {Manihot lUaz- iovi'i), the prospects for which he regards as highly encourag- ing. It appears that from the beginning the tree grew finely in Mysore, but that the tapping in the earlier years yielded most unsatisfactory results. With increased age, however, a liberal yield has been attained. It is asserted that one tree in the government gardens, 16 years old, tapped on S3 days last year gave 7 pounds of dry rubber, estimated by a London broker to be worth 3 shillings a pound, or a total of 21 shillings [ = $5.11], Considerable planting has been done, and the superintendent above quoted recommends further planting. A NEW COMPANY TO EXPLOIT RUBBER IN PERU. The Carabaya Rubber and Navigation Co. was incorporated August 4, 1904, under Maine laws, with $2000,000 capital authorized, for the purpose of exploiting rubber and mineral resources, and conducting incidentally a transportation busi- ness, in southeastern Peru. The company is to acquire a large area of rubber lands lying in the province of Carabaya. The land is traversed by the river Inambari, and is within a prac- tical working distance of the railway which extends from Mol- lendo, on the Pacific C03st, to the city of Cuzco. It is esti- mated that the lands which the company itself will hold con- tain at least 1,200,000 rubber trees of mature size, and some 30,000 of these have already been tapped. The first purpose of the company will be to open up as rapidly as possibly the rubber trees and collect the product and ship. The company expects at once to place a small steamer on the Inambari river and collect the rubber which may be obtained by tappers on properties other than their own along the Inambari and Madre de Dios rivers, paying for them in food and other supplies which the steamer will take along with it. The road which the company controls to their property and to the Inambari river makes the shortest and most inexpensive route to take rubber from these rich forests to the market. The following are the officers of the company : Hon. James A. Roberts, former state comptroller of New York, president; Dr. C. S. Merrill, of Al- bany, New York, vice president; H. D. Selleck, secretary; Frank Squier, president of the Queens County Trust Co., 12 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. treasurer. The remaining directors are Hon. Warner Miller, former United States senator for New York, and William N. Ingraham, of Portland, Maine, and also Josd Pardo, recently elected president of Peru, and Juan Pardo, an engineer of high repute in that country. The ofBces of the company for the present will be at No. 256 Broadway, New York. The com- pany has secured the services of J. Austin Pharaoh as general manager. He has been for several years past engaged in the successful exploitation of rubber in Bolivia and Peru. The section of Peru where the company's lands are located has long been known as rich in trees capable of yielding rubber of high grades. A BOLIVIAN RUBBER COMPANY OUT OF THE MELD. The Bolivian Rubber Co. of Baltimore, mentioned in the issue of this Journal for April i, 1903 [page 226] as having been organized to acquire and develop certain important rubber concessions in Bolivia, was based upon the investment made by Henry A. Parr, a one time wealthy merchant of Baltimore, Maryland. It appears that, under the terms of the agreement with the vendors of the rubber properties involved, the company began work under an option and exported considerable rubber via Mollendo. The purchase of the properties, however, was never completed, owing to business embarrassments which overtook Mr. Parr, and the company above named has ceased to exist. It is understood that the rubber properties, however, continue to be worked by the concessionaires from whom Mr. Parr's' company planned to buy t hem. RUBBER AT THE KUALA LUMPUR SHOW. The yearly Agri-Horticultural show of the Federated Malay States was opened on August 8. at Kuala Lampur, by the gov- ernor. Sir John Anderson, K. C. M. c, in the presence of a large attendance. After the opening ceremonies, and the official party had partaken of tiffin, the Straits Times reports that "the party witnessed an exhibition of the process of preparing rubber. The process was carried out lay Mr. P. J. Burgess, the government analyst from Singapore, on a machine specially manufactured by the Federated Engineering Co., of Kuala Lumpur. The rubber went in in sleek slabs of coagulated latex, only to emerge later in a lacerated condition, but shorn of all those impurities which depreciate its value in the eyes of the manufacturer. All appeared to be greatly interested, his ex- cellency in particular putting several questions to Mr. Burgess relative to the process under exhibition." The Straits Times representative, writing of his journey from Singapore to the show, says : " On the way rubber was the favorite topic of con- versation and a large number of young rubber trees was to be seen as the train passed the various estates. There is no doubt that the rubber industry has come to stay and at no distant day will be the mainstay of Malaya." John Little & Co., were mentioned as exhibiting machines for pressing rubber. The committee in charge of the show embraced Messrs. Stanley. Arden, E. V. Carey, and W. W. Bailey, whose names are famil- iar in connection with rubber culture. BRIEF MENTION. Herr R. F. Wohl, of Berlin, has been added to the board of the Kautschuk-Pflanzung " Meanja " Actiengesellschaft, mak- ing the eighth member. The company was formed in 1903, with headquarters in Berlin, to plant rubber {Kickxia elasticd) in Victoria, Kamerun. [See The India Rubber World February i, 1904 — page 166] = Herbert M. Darby, writing from Klang to the Malay Mail, states that while in England recently he saw some £\ shares of the Selangor Rubber Co., Limited, sold at ;£3 25. 6d., or 3^ times their par value. This company's plantation, started in 1899, was noticed at length in Thf. India Rubber World for September. = The Hon. George W. Peck, president of the San Pedro Rubber Plantation Co. (Milwaukee), engaged in planting in the Mexican state of Chiapas, on September 1 was nominated by the Democratic state convention in Wisconsin for the office of governor, which position he filled several years ago. = The Vallambrosa Rubber Co,, Limited, was registered April 22, 1904, at Edinburgh, Scotland, with ;£6o,ooo capital, to acquire and develop rubber plantations in the Straits Settle- ments. Registered office : 123, George street, Edmburgh. = Late Ceylon newspapers contain advertisements, of which the following is a sample — pARA RUBBER SEED at R5 per i.ooo. Delivery August-October. Stumps at R12- 50 per 1,000. May onwards delivery. — Apply, Yataderiya Tea Co., Ltd., Kegalle. s w — indicating that rubber tree seeds have become there a staple article of commerce. The price quoted — 5 rupees per 1000 — equals §1.62 '4^, or 6j. 8<^. "Stumps "are seedlings which have been tapped, the price equalling $4.06 per 1000. RUBBER PLANTATION COMPANY PUBLICATIONS. The Vera Cruz Development Co., Canton, Ohio=/.a Esmeralda Bul- letin, July, 1904. 4 pages. El Triunfo Rubber Plantation — Alfred C. Adier, Boston, Massachu- setts. =[Report on planting of Ceara rubber (Manihot Glaziovii) in Nicaragua.] 24 pages. Conservative Rubber Production Co., San Francisco. = (a) About Our Rubber Plantation. 32 pages. (*) What Our Shareholders Say. 12 pages. (<■) Answers to Some of the Rubber (Questions Shot at Us. 12 pages. Sulo-Suchil Plantation Co., Toledo Ohio. = (a) Report of John A. Giedeman, Inspector. 4 pages, (b) Plantation Sulo-Suchil. [Photo- graphic views to illustrate preceding report ] 40 pages. RUBBER MATS AND BEESTINGS. ONE of the Philadelphia newspapers contained recently an article on the business done by an apiarist near that city in supplying beestings to a chemical laboratory as a source of formic aid, for use in the treatment of rheumatism. This is a business which for some time past has contributed to the profits of beekeeping in different parts of the country, but the novel feature in the Philadelphia newspaper report related to the method employed in depriving the bees of their stings, to- gether with the sac containing the poison. Bees, it was stated, dislike the odor of India-rubber, and, when a mat of this mate- rial is placed near their hives, attack it fiercely, thereby losing their stings. The newspaper adds: " Other apiarists who are undertaking to supply the demand for beestings, pick up the bees, one at a time, with small tweezers, and with another pair of tweezers extract the stings, afterward freeing the insects. This is a slower method than the use of the rubber mat, but apiarists are finding it profitable." In response to an inquiry for details addressed to the Pennsylvania beekeeper referred to, he wrote : To THE Editor of The India Rubber World : Your letter reached me promptly and all understood. I may seem selfish, but I am sorry I cannot comply with your request. I have spent many years in the bee business, experimenting and practising, as well as studying, and I do not feel at liberty to give years of experience away at the present time. What little the papers have written up has been drawn from me incidentally, and a great deal of it is incorrect. Trusting you will ap- preciate my position, as it is entirely a matter of business, I remain, Yours truly. OcTor.ER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 13 INDIA-RUBBER AT THE ST. LOUIS WORLD'S FAIR. JURY No. II, of the International Jury of Awards for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, had for its work the examination of, and making of awards for, the exhibits comprised in three Groups in the department of Manufactures. In the official catalogues these groups, with their subdivisions, were designated as follows, except that the descriptive matter Is shortened here: Group 35. Articles for Traveling and for Camping; India- Rub- ber and Guttapeicha Industries. Class 201. Trunks .ind traveling cases and littings ; cushions; various requisites for travelers. Class 2J2. I'ortable equipment especially prepared for traveling and for scientific exploration. Class 203. Tents and accessories ; camp equipment generally. Class 204. Military tenis and furnilure. Class 205. Equipment and methods used in the manufacture of India-rubber and Gutta-peicha goods. Class 20f/. (Jeneral products of the India-rubber and Guttapercha industries. Waterproof clothing and boots and shoes. Group 36. Toys Class 207. Equipment and processes used in manufacture. Class 20S. Playthings ; dolls ; talking dolls ; mechanical to)s ; mu- sical instruments ; dolls' furniture ; animals ; toys in India-rubber and in gold beaters' skin ; scientific and educational toys ; games. Group 60. Leather, Boots and Shoes, Furs and Skins, Fur Clothing. Class 377. Leather in every variety. Class 378. Hoots and shoes, bootees, slippers, overshoes, soles, ac- cessories, etc. Class 37q. Gloves. Class 380. Eurs and skins, dressed and tanned. Class 381. Fur clothing, caps, hats, hoods, gloves, boots, etc. Class 3S2. Eur mats and robes ; fur trimmings. Jury No. 1 1 was made up of experts in al! the lines embraced in this list, and consisted of the following named persons; J. M. Hays, Chairman; Giesicke-D'Oench-Hays Shoe Co., St. Louis. Henry C. Pearson, Secretary ; The India Rubber World, New York. EuGENio Dahnk, m. e., Brazilian Commissioner. Vice chairman Group 35. Adoi.ph Richter, F. Ad. Richter & Co., Rudolstadt, Germany. Vice chairman Group 36. Alfred Scannell, President Alfred Scannell Leather Co., St. Louis. Vice chairman Group 60, W. B. Altsman, The Drew-Selby Co., Portsmouth. Ohio. W. L, Desnoyeks, The Desnoyers Shoe Co., Springfield, Illinois. T. L. Johvson, Superintendent Special Exhibits, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis. Charles J. Liitert, President and Treasurer The Leonard Roos Eur Co , St. Louis. I C. Paul, P. P. Paul & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. George Perry, Dayton Last Works, Dayton, Ohio. Gustav Schlecht, Western Leather Co., St. Louis. O. F. ScilWE,^DTMANN, Schwerdtmann Toy Co., St. Louis. R. E. ToMMERsoN, Concessionaire, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis. Henry Huiskamt, Huiskamp Brothers & Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Arthur Jones, A. J. Bates & Co.. Chicago, Illinois. A. R TiRKELL. Torrey, Curtis & Tirrell. Weymouth, Massachusetts. A L Fay. Ganss Langenberg Hat and Glove Co., St. Louis. Juan P. Tho.vias, Editor Revista Illustradade la Znpateria, Argentina. Jules Lafon, President d'Honneur de I'Union General des Gautiers, Paris, France. rpEiFFER-BRUNET. Paris, France. Henry d'Allemagne, Archiviste-Paleographe, Paris, France. Louis Vuitton, Paris. France. Baron F. von Barpeleben, Imperial German Commission. Lieutenant J. O. Monasierio. Attache Mexican Commission. SuKESBEiRO Dot, Department of Education, Japan. RiSABURO Ota, Commission of Imperial Japanese Government, Japan. The Editor of The India Rubher World, having been ap- pointed on this Jury, was elected secretary by his colleagues. Resides serving as secretary for Jury No. i r, he was a member of the committee for each of the Groups, and chairman for Classes 205 and 206. After the jury had completed its work, he was unanimously elected chairman, to represent it in the higher jury forthe Dinner Tendered by the Chief of Depart- ment ant> the Manufactures Committee, to the International Jury of Awards FOR Manufactures, German Imberiai, Pavilion. MENU Consomme Martini department of M an u f actures, composed of the chairman and vice chairman o( each of thegroupjuries. Altogether, Jury No. II had more than 400 exhibits to pass upon. It is not in order for a juror to talk much about jury experiences, un- usual though they be and full of in- terest. One might perhaps dwell a moment on the banquets and re- ceptions, and of these there are two that will ever live in the writer's memory. The two menus here appended tell the story in part. At the first, in the magnificent German Imperial Pavilion, there were gathered some 250 guests, and among the speakers were the Hon. David Salmon Trout, Sauce Or Rudesheimer Filet of Beef. Mushrooms Chateau Puy Dtuasse Capon du Mans Muvim^s Extra Dry Salade Internationale Glace Bombe Louisiana Purchase Liquers Coffee Dinner Tendered by the American Members of Jury No 11. Comprising Guouis 35, 36, and bo, TO the Foreign Members of the International Jury of Awards for Manufactures. Olives MENU Blue Points Chicken Broth Celery R. Francis, president of the Exposi- tion ; F. J. V. SkifT, di- rector of ex- hibits; M.H. Hul bert, chief of the d epartment of Manufac- tures ; t h e I m p e r i a 1 c o m m i s - sionersfrom England, Germ any, F ranee. Austria, and Japan, and three Amer- leans, in- cluding the Editor of this Journal. At the second dinner, which was more informal, everyone present spoke or joined in singing "America" and " La Marseillaise." After the jury work above alluded to had been finished, the Editor had an opportunity— though a limited one, on account Fillets of Pompano. Meuniere Cucumbers Potato Rissoles Mignon of Beef. Cheron Punch Jefferson Turtle Doves, sur Croutes Salade Melba Boicbe Pralinee Cheese Manhattan Cocktails Haul Sauternes Pommard White Seal Apollinaris Coffee 14 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. A Quorum of Jury No. 11, Before the Brazilian Pavilion, St. Louis World's Fair. of the lack of time — to draw up a list of the rubber and allied exhibits, which is appended. This list is intended to serve the double purpose of a guide to those who have not yet visited the Exposition, and who may desire to see what it contains in rubber during October and November, and also as a record of what the rubber of trade of the world contributed toward the great World's Fair of 1904. UNITED STATES. In the following list of exhibits relating to the India-rubber and allied trades, five excellent displays are not included, for the reason that they have already been described and illustrated in The India Rubber World— namely, those of the follow- ing concerns: The B. F. Goodrich Co Akron, Ohio. Banner Rubber Co St. Louis, Missouri. The Eureka Fire Hose Co New York. Apsley Rubber Co Hudson, Massachusetts. \ oorhees Rubber Manufacturing Co Jersey City, New Jersey. It is possible here to devote only a brief amount of space to the remaining exhibits, as follows: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio) had an ex- hibit in the Transportation building that at once attracted the eye of the passerby because of the huge pebbled ball, some two feet in diameter, that hung at the entrance, and drew attention to the Saunders pneumatic golf ball. Within the space allotted to the company were tires— solid and pneumatic, for carriages, autos, and bicycles ; rubber tiling in various colors ; druggists sundries; horseshoe pads, in black and white; and a special machine for attaching solid tires to vehicles. The Republic Rubber Co. (Youngstown. Ohio), in the Transportation building, showed samples only of their solid tires for vehicles, the exhibit being in charge of Mr. W. B. Nefl. The Kokomo Rubber Co. (Kokomo, Indiana) had a modest but effective exhibit of solid and pneumatic tires, in red and black, a fine picture of their factory, hams of crude rubber, and so on. The Swinehart Clincher Tire and Rubber Co. (.'\kron Ohio), on a long table protected by a brass rail, showed types of their tires, large and small, and while there was no one in charge to exploit their virtues, there were plenty of Swinehart booklets that told the r.tory very completely. The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio) showed in the Transportation building some of the largest solid tires ever produced. These were exhibited both on wheels and alone. In addition were samples of all sizes, from the smallest up. The exhibit was well arranged — the furniture of oak, a handsome rug on the floor, and the whole enclosed in brass railings. The F.-^wkes Rubber Tire Co. (Denver, Colorado) showed their special type of tire in the Transportation building, and as usual had a crowd of interested seekers after something in tires that will not puncture. The Standard Underground Cable Co. (Pittsburgh _ Pennsylvania) showed three cases containing samples of tele- graph, fire alarm, and electric light and power insulated wires. They also showed a section of a subway into which were car- ried lead covered cables from a huge reel. The exhibit was October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 15 simple but f;''*P^''c. and was installed by the company's St. Louis branch. The Woven Wire Rubber Co. (New York) had an exhibit adjoining that of the Swinehart Clincher Tire company, given up wholly to channeled horseshoes of aluminium, the tread of the shoe, molded into the channel, being made of rubber and woven wire. The I. B. Kleinert Rubber Co. (New York) had in the Manufactures building an exceedingly tasteful and comprehen- sive exhibit of their full line of goods. Some twenty types of dress shields were shown, all of which were explained and illustrated in their " Dress Shield Book " of which many thousands were distributed. The Sii.i. Pneumai'ic Horse Collar Co. (Bloomington. Illinois) showed two samples of horse collars of the pneumatic type, of India rubber in part, and promised to send catalogues to all who registered their names. The Hallanan Manufacturing Co. (New York) showed a fine collection of rubber horse shoe pads in many difleient styles at their booth in the Manufactures building. The V^ehicle Apron and Hood Co. (Columbus, Ohio) had an excellent showing of rubber storm fronts for carriages, the goods being displayed on four types of carriages. Saks & Co (New York) had a fine display of wearing ap- parel for automobilists. They showed both French and Amer- ican garments in cravenette and single texture rubber. One garment which particularly deserved mention was a wine col- ored silk lined surface coat of American make, fitted with broad leather collar, and of excellent design. There were also couverture trousers of black rubber lined with brown drill, auto coats with rubber yoke, shirt effect, and so on. The ex- hibit was in care of Mr. Harold Debrest. The L. C. Chase Co. (Boston) erected in the Palace of Manufactures a huge glass fronted case with two wings for their various products. In the wings were displayed robes, etc., while the central portion was given up to Chase leather and carriage cloths, a fine showing. The colored goods in the for- mer fabric were particularly fine, as were the various types of embossed surfaces. The PantasoteCo. (New York) had an especially attractive exhibit of their goods, which were displayed in a large open double pavilion, in charge of an expert demonstrator. Their product, in many new embossed designs, was used as a covering for the furniture in the pavilion, while booklets, sample swatches, and information were freely distributed. John Rovle i"v: SoNS(Paterson, New Jersey), who had one of their tubing machines as a part of the exhibit of the Voorhees Rubber Manufacturing Co., distributed a neat folder telling the story of the Royle machine. Werner & Pfleiderer (Saginaw, Michigan) had a fine ex- hibit of machinery in the Liberal Aits Palace, only one machine, ho.vever, interesting the rubber trade — their masticator, shown for the first time at an .\merican world's fair. The Te.ktile Machine Works (Reading, Pennsylvania) were located in the Manufactures building, and had a live ex- hibit of many types of braiders for use in covering insulated wire. Although a part at least of their machinery should have been in the Palace of Electricity, visiting electricians and manu- facturers sought them out and their machine received much at- tention. The Singer Manufacturing Co. (New York) had in their magnificent exhibit machines for almost every kind of sewing that may be imagined. One of the most notable was that for stitching rubber belting, a machine well known to the rubber trade, and one that stands alone in its class. The Compressed Air House Cleaning Co. (St. Louis) showed to big crowds daily how compressed air carried through lengths of rubber hose cleaned carpets far more effectively than any other system. Rubber manufacturers especially looked on with satisfaction, forecasting a big outlet for hose as this system becomes more generally used. GERMANY. Continental Caoutchouc and Guttapercha Co. (Han- nover) had a notable exhibit in the Transportation building, in charge of Mr. A. E. Richter. The big pavilion which con- tained the goods displayed was done in red, white, and gold, and had for its main display the " Continental " motor tires, that have scjred such a success in Europe. As a souvenir there was presented a brochure bound in red and gold, giving a history of the great Gordon-Bennett race of 1903. The six- teen fine illustrations told the story of the race most graphic- ally, and incidentally both text and pictures gave due credit to the Continental tires, that were such potent aids in the winning of the trophy. The Peter Union Pneumatic Tire Co. (Frankfort o/M) had a fine display of pneumatic tires for bicycles and especially for automobiles, in charge of Mr. Paul Friedrichsen. The ex- hibit covered the Peters patent double rim, and purxture proof bands, together with the Peters patent rims for solid tires, and a solid tire with hard rubber base. FRANCE. Michelin & ClE. (Clermont-Ferrand) exhibited, in the Transportation building, an attractive showcase, in which were displayed sections of their pneumatic tires, tire tools, repair kits, pumps and so on. It was one of the notable displays of goods in this line. E. C. Grammont (Paris) made an exhibit in the Electricity building of insulated wire and cables, treads for tires in red and black, and general rubber goods, all in a fine cabinet fitted with glass shelves and festooned with electric lights. He also dis- tributed catalogues in English, French, German, and Spanish. Bergougnan & Co. (Clermont-Ferrand) had a general ex- hibit of molded work in red and white rubber and a variety of automobile tires. One that attracted the most attention had leather studs molded into the tread to prevent slipping, and also to add to the life of the tire. Falconnet-Perodeaud (Paris) showed six wheels equipped with pneumatic tires, to which was attached a "patented cemented protector." There was also shown the "Normal" tire, with what is known as the "compressed tread band." L. Francois Grellon & Co., (Paris), a very important house, had a small but comprehensive exhibit of general technical rubber goods. Their product in insulated wire and hard rubber was also well exemplified. A stack of Balata belting, with samples of the crude gum, attracted much at- tention. L. Edeline (Paris) also showed a general line of mechanical rubber goods, together with tires, tire covers, and certain drug- gists' sundries. M. Julien Pincon (54, Boulevard Magenta, Paris) showed a steel horse collar with a pneumatic accessory which he called a "tyre," and which had much merit. The collar was light, strong and very simple. The Societe Francaise des Cables Electriques, system of Berthold, Boull & Co. (Lyons), showed a rough shaft of Gutta-percha covered cable, in a glass case. Antoine Wolber (Paris) displayed in the Transportation building 49 samples of various types of bicycle tires, together with a graphic chart showing the beginning of his business and 16 THE INDIA RUBBER ^A/■ORLD [October i, 1904. its present size. According to this chart he now operates two factories, two dynamos of 500 HI'., and in 1903 produced 150,293 pneumatic tires. The special tires shown by him were the "Sprinter," "Racer," "Stayer," " Journey- Racer," "Motor- cycle," and " Livery cycle." TheSocieteIndustrielle des Telethons (Paris) showed an oaken case in which were a full line of samples of their in- sulated cables. BELGIUM. Andre de Vriendt showed a few pieces of waste rubber in a case in the Belgian pavilion, but its only value was to show that among other waste materials he bought vulcanized rubber scrap. ITALY. Pirelli & Co. (Milan) had a very important display of all kinds of rubber goods in the Palace of Electricity. There were toys, diving armor, matting, hose of all kinds, tires, battery jars, clothing, hard rubber, insulated wire and cables, etc- There were also fine pictures of their great factories and a list of their ten diplomas of honor, and many gold medals awarded at former exhibitions. There were of course many other exhibits that consisted in part of rubber. For example, the Brunswick- Balke-Callender Co. (New York) showed billiard cushions. Crutzen Brothers, of Belgium, had in with leather goods some rubber soled shoes, and there were exhibits such as the Whiteley exerciser, and the huge balloons of silk covered rubber whose owners always re- fused to tell by whom they were manufactured. CRUDE RUBBER EXHIBITS. In the great government exhibit for the Philippines the one building that of all others was of interest to the writer was the Forestry building. It was in this that the native India-rubber and Gutta-percha from the new American possessions appeared. The rubber was not much to look at, nor was there much of it. Besides, it was black, sticky looking, and of low grade. But the (jutta-percha exhibit was very satisfactory. Here were sec- tions of two huge Palaguium trees, fully two feet in diameter, while grouped around were rolls, blocks, and balls of gutta in great quantity. There were also baskets as big as hogsheads full of gutta balls the size of a cocoanut, and near by a box covered with coarse wire cloth, in which were several tons of the balls. According to the display cards most of the gutta came from the island of Mindanao, its source being the Pala- quium latifoliitm. Neither here nor in the building devoted to Philippine machinery and utensils were there to be found any evidences of the strange and crude machines for working gutta and rubber, with sketches of which a certain soldier corre- spondent in the Philippines has succeeded in bamboozling various American papers. The Ceylon exhibit of cultivated rubber from the Hevea was not large, but was particularly fine. Culloden, Heatherly, Gikiyanakanda, and Arapolakanda estates furnished about 200 discs that were easily the best crude rubber ever seen in the United States. It is doubtful, however, if the agricultural experts can comprehend what this exhibit means. I became so interested in it that I interviewed some of the high officials with regard to getting others interested, and they suggested a letter to the chief of Agriculture at the lair, and the following letter is the first result : F. W. TAVt.oR, Esq., Chief of Agriculture, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis. Mv DEAR Sir : May I call your special attention to the importance of the exhibits of crude India-rubber in the Ceylon section in the I'alace of Agriculture. This rubber represents the final successful introduction of the South American rubber tree — the Iltvia Brasilietisis — into the Far East, and is the product of the large estates Culloden, Heitherly, Arapolakanda, and Gikiyanakanda, two of which I visited and inspected last winter, and can certify that they are producing rubber profitably and on a commercial scale. The rubber sells in Liverpool or New York lor a much higher price than any other in the world, is perfectly clean, and of even quality, and is used in the very finest of goods. This most satisfactory evidence of a new and reliable source of fine rubber, particularly as it comes from cultivated trees is of use to the whole industrial world, and would seem to merit special recognition from this Exposition. Respectfully, HENRY C I'EARSON. Chairman Classes 205 and 206, India-rubber Processes and Manufactures, De- partment \) , Group 35 : Editor The India Rubher Wohlo, New York. Brazil devoted one corner of her rustic pavilion in the Palace of Agriculture to India-rubber. There were bottles of the latex of Hevea, and specimens of coarse and fine Pard rubber in big balls and h;ims, sheets, spindles, and various odd forms that rarely reach the American market, at least. Costa Rica exhibited a fine water color of the true Castillua elastica tree and various jars in which were specimens of rub- ber from the washed latex of Castilloa alba (?). There was also rubber from the Castilloa Costaricana. There were also some twenty rolls of " Central " rubbers and some gums much like " Nicaragua Strip." There was also a sample of " gutta " from Taberiurmontana sp., a dark, resinous, sticky product. In the general Cuban exhibit was a large case containing crude rubber from cultivated Castilloa trees in Cuba, shown by Federico Martinez de Castro, of Havana. The rubber looked well and attracted much attention. German East Africa displayed a fine lot of ball rubber. First there were nine baskets in which were little hard balls, all very similar in appearance, but labelled respectively " Nitumbe," " Machinga," " Mohoro," " Mahange," " Donde," " Matecho- noba," " Hyari," and " Makowei river" — all from Landolphia species. Then there were rolls of Gutta-percha from the Pala- quium suffianum, while on the wall near by was a card from the establishment of Dr. H. Traun cS: Sons (Hamburg, Ger- many) showing these rubbers made up into goods. Rhodesia, by a wall exhibit, showed a vine and tendrils, prob- ably a Landolphia, and ten sausage shaped samples of rubber, dry and firm, but full of bark. Madagascar displayed good samples of the " Pinky " sort, to- gether with black sticky slabs from the Landolphia spheto- carpa, and black discs from the Mascarenhasia lisianthi flora. From Bdhr-el-Ghazal, in Egypt, came a few spindles of African rubber. Siam furnished two small pyramidal cases of rubber of the Assam sorts. The Orizaba Rubber Plantation Co. (Chicago) were finely lo- cated in the Palace of Agriculture, Mr. H. Jay Smith being in charge. They showed some 200 photographs of growing Cas- tilloa, together with sections of trunks of rubber trees i, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years old. They had also samples of rubber, and the pavilion was most tastefully decorated with various Mexican trophies. The Wonderful Colorado Rubber. — A correspondent of the Boston Transcript, in a four column summary of the manifold resources of Colorado, makes this brief reference to the most wonderful product of that state : " There is no space here even to mention the scores of new grain grasses and plants —the rubber plant for example, whose product is equal to the best Pari gutta perche — trees and fruits which are being intro- duced and raised successfully and profitably." Who else knows anything about " Pari gutta percha ".' October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 17 NEW GOODS AND SPECIALTIES IN RUBBER. THI-; SAMSON LEATHER TIRE. THIS is a rubber lire, of the "Clincher " type, provided with a tread band of chrome leather, protecting the whole of the exposed part of the pneumatic tire, to which it is vulcanized. The leather band is fastened to the cover of the rubber tire by rivets, in two, three, or four rows, according to the width of tread required. The rivet heads, which are round, pro- ject about ,',, inch above the surface of the leather. The object of this leather tread is to prevent punctures, while it also tends to prevent slipping, in which function the rivet heads also aid. The Samson tire of late has attained no small degree of popularity in the United States and in most European countries, and has been employed with entire suc- cess on automobiles figuring in some recent notable races- The American house is at No. 12 West Thirty- third street. New York, the manager of which, A. E. Gallien, has leased premises in Brooklyn (New York) for the manufacture of these tires. It is not understood that the rubber parts are to be made at the premises referred to. sauiREs's "quick" golf ball. The construction of this ball involves the use of a rubber core in two sections, joined together by screw threads; within which is placed a small ball of aluminum, the inside of the rubber core being so formed as to provide a number of air cells. The whole is placed within a Gutta-percha cover. The illustration herewith shows the method of joining the two sections of the rubber core, which is pointed out as having advantages over rubber wound into a core in the form of thread. The cover may also be formed of semi-hard rubber, with which aluminum has been compounded. Patents have been applied for. [The Akron Dental Rubber Co., Incorporated, Akron, Ohio.l MORE KROTZ TIRE PATENTS. The newly formed Krotz Manufacturing Co. (Springfield, Ohio) have for their object the exploitation of rubber vehicle tires under pat- ents issued to Al- varo S. Krotz. In the last India Rubber World [page 421] was il- lustrated the es- sential feature covered by the first Krotz patent. Under date of September 6 another United States patent [No. 769.172] was issued to Mr. Krotz, the same being for the combination with a metallic rim channel, with parallel removable sides, of a rubber tire, the tread of which is divided into short sections by narrow slits, while the base forms a continuous band, said rubber tire being held in the channel by means of longitudinal retaining wires or bands running through the base. It is understood that a third patent is pending. The company report that they have carried out careful tests and will soon be ready to market. " BOTTLEHOT. " The accompanying illustration so clearly indicates the na- ture of a new device now being ofTered in the druggists' sun- dries line as to ren- der any extended de- scription of the same unnecessary. Pri- marily its use is to keep the contents of nursing bottles warm for a considerable length of time, which often will prove a great convenience, especially at night. It is also a desirable contrivance for use while on a journey. But its uses are many. It may be used to keep poul- tices, liquid m e d i- cines, and the like, warm, either at night or at other times; it may be used also as a hot water bottle. " Bottlehot " has a duplex heating side, which is referred to as almost doubling the duration of the heat. [Bottlehot Bag Co., No. I Madison avenue, New York.] buck's NEW DIAL DATING STAMP. This new stamp, for which patents are pending, is ofltered as possessing a number of advantages over the ordinary dating For one stamps, thing, a distinctive advantage exists in that fewer changes are to be made — one change per month, by simply taking out the month logotype and replacing it with the new month, and changing the year date but once a year ; the dial and knob do the rest. In the band dating stamps a read justment has to be made every day, in- volving the liability of the bands to break, and the annoyance of soiling the fingers with ink in changing the dates. In the Buck stamp, the day of the month is shown by simply turning the knob so that the arrow on the revolving center of the stamp 18 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. points to the day wanted, as shown in the illustration. This stamp has the Buck pneumatic cushion under the entire die. [T. S. Buck Manufacturing Co., No. 221 Canal street, New York.] PRUSSIAN RUBBER SPONGES. The Hanover Rubber Co., Limited (Hanover-Limmer, Ger- many), after several years' experimenting, are manufacturing an article which they call " The Prussian Pure Rubber Sponge, ■ Gloria ' ". These sponges are reported to have met with great success in Europe, on account of their softness and fine tex- ture, while the cost is reasonable. George Borgfeldt & Co. (New York) are sole agents for the Hanover company, in the United States and Canada. THK AMAZON RUBBER PROSPECT. HY AN OCCASIONAL CONTRIllUTOK. LOWER rubber prices in the not distant future are to be expected, in the very nature of things ; already the high prices of the past year have had the effect of curtailing produc- tion, and their long continuance would drive many manufac- turers from business. But present prospects justify an expec- tation of liberal supplies of rubber during the present crop year, which will have the effect of lowering prices somewhat, even with a well sustained consumption. The past twelve months have witnessed an increased production of "medium " sorts, after a tendency to decline for two or three years, and there is no reason to suppose that the present rate of output of these sorts will not continue, at least as long as a high price level prevails. Preparations have been made for getting out a large crop of Para rubber, judging from the movement of laborers and pro- visions toward the upper Amazon regions. The high prices prevailing at the commencement of the crop season were fa- vorable for such a movement, besides which an especially se- vere drought exists in Ceara, a state which, under such circum- stances, always supplies a large force of rubber gatherers, who otherwise would remain at home and work their farms. Conditions in the Acre district are more favorable for a large output of rubber than for a long time past. That probably is the richest rubber region in the whole Amazon system, but its production has been hampered by various political and other troubles, which seem now about at an end. After the Brazilian treaty with Bolivia, some friction arose with Peru, but that now is a matter of the past. To-day there is a question of authority between the state government of Amazonas and the government at Rio, which insists upon administering the Acre as a Federal district, but this is not likely to interfere with the working of the rubber camps. Nothing can ever be predicted with certainty in regard to the extent of the rubber crop, but it seems reasonable to expect, in view of favorable conditions in the rubber producing coun- tries, and the stimulus afforded by higher prices than ever be- fore prevailed for such a great length of time, an increase this year in the margin between the production and consumption of rubber. The natural effect would be somewhat lower prices, though a largely increased production in any given year is an impossibility, owing to the slow rate of progress in the tropics which must always be taken into account. Progress has been especially slow in the development of the Acre district, due in part to causes which have not disappeared with the ending of the political troubles there. The expendi- ture of a millioo dollars for improving the waterways in that region would work a wonderful improvement in navigation and do much to stimulate the business of gathering rubber. But where is the money to come from, and who would under- take the work? There is no private interest prepared for it, and government undertakings in the Brazilian states require an immense amount of time for results, if any are ever reached. During some months of each year the Acre itself is a very nar- row and shallow stream. It could still be navigated by steam launches, however, but for the many trees which fall into it and which it is nobody's business in particular to remove. Yet the total cost of removing such obstacles, and of dredging here a bit and blasting there a bit, would not be great, in view of the benefit to be derived, and the stream could be made navigable all the year and for larger vessels than can now pass through it during low water. At present communication with the rubber districts on the Acre is practically cut off for months at a time. Not only does no rubber come out, but the settlers there have no means of obtaining supplies. All their food is imported, and at times their condition becomes one of real hardship from the lack of food, resulting in weakness and inability to resist the fevers so prevalent there. The keeping open of the Acre alone would work a great change in the rubber business of the Amazon valley. But the governments concern themselves more with the highest rate of export duty that the rubber will stand, and with who shall collect the tax, and with such schemes as that in which a private corporation at Mandos has been authorized by the congress to levy an extra tax upon all rubber exported from the state, to provide capital for a bank. While the avowed ob- ject is to provide an accumulation of capital, available for the rubber merchants in financing shipments, the only apparent re- sult to date is that the promoters of the bank have been afford- ed an easy means of making a living. MUTUAL FACTORY INSURANCE. AT a recent meeting of the Furniture Association of Amer- ica. Mr. Benjamin Taft, secretary of the Rubber Manu- facturers' Mutual Insurance Co., read a paper on " Why Mutual Fire Insurance is Feasible, and Why." Among other things he said : " In many ways it is quite feasible to form a furniture manu- facturers' mutual insurance company. The plan of the different trades or manufacturers insuring each other is not a new one. In 1888 the cotton manufacturers organized a mutual, and their success is too well known to need any remarks. In 1863 the millers started their mutual to insure flour mills. In 1895 the Lumbermen's Mutual came into the field, and in 1884 the Rub- ber Manufacturers' Mutual commenced business, and here is an example that you might well follow. " The rates on rubber factories when that company was formed were so high that many of them could not afford to carry any insurances, and when the company was organized with rubber men making rules for the guidance of rubber men the business commenced to look up, and to-day the despised rubber factory of 1884 can get a $1000 policy for $1.50, while in 1S84 it had to pay $30 for the same identical $1000 policy. You can very readily see from this that one trade making rules for itself to follow and having a company of its own to carry them out, the company is practically assured of success at the start. Now, what was done by the cotton manufacturers in 1888 and the rubber manufacturers in 1884, certainly seems to me can be done by the furniture manufacturers in 1905, as there is no man who is willing to admit that the cotton manu- facturers or the rubber manufacturers are any smartei" than the furniture manufacturer." October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 19 RECENT RUBBER PATENTS. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. IsSl'EI) AUGIST 2, IQO4. NO. 766, 160, Playing ball [for golf , shell .TperturctI to prevent cracking], II. Bentz, New York city. 766,170. Hose reel [for indoor fire protection apparatus]. E. Clifl, assignor to ClilT & Gilbert Co., New York city. 766,204. Hypodermic syringe. R. Walsh, Washington, D. C. 766,252, Cuspidor. E. K. Holland, New York city. 766,297. Wheel for vehicles [having two solid rubber tires, side by side]. A. Turkington, Lafayette, Ind. 766,336. Vaginal irrigator, C. O. Farrington, Palestine, Texas. 766,463. Pneumatic tire [adapted to Removable channel flanges]. H. A. Palmer, Erie, Pa. 766,560. Fountain pen. O. E. Weidlich, Cincinnati, Ohio. 766,637. Wheel tire. [Solid rubber] A. II. Marks and W. M. Metzler, assignors to The Diamond Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. 766,640. Hose rack. M. C. Mtehan, Buffalo, N. Y. 766,711. Elastic cushion heel. J. F. B. Litchfield, Worcester, Mass. 766,734, Force pump. C. .Schellhammer, Warren, Pa. 766,759-756,760. Fountain pen. A. I!. Davis, assignor, by mesne assignments, of one-half to E. H. Chase, both of Philadelphia. Tradi Mark. 43,103, Rubber tire for vehicles. & J Tire Co., New York city. Essential filature. — The characters "G & J " inclosed in a figure described as an inverted isosceles triangle having indentations formed at the vertices thereof. Used since Oct. i, 1903. Issued August 9, 1904. 766,867. Inhaler for anesthetics. G. L. Bennett, Chicago, III. 766,910. Inflation valve. J. H, Spray, assignor to Scovil Manufac- turing Co., Waterbury. Conn. 766,926. Vehicle wheel [havittg a central elastic pneumatic cushion], C. N. Beal, .San Francisco. 766,961. Hose coupling. C. W. Morris, Peoria, III. 766,985-768,986, Hose drier [for fire department use], C. M. Bow- man, Lebanon, Pa. 767,043. Non collapsible tire [with filling consisting of elastic balls, having spherical air chambers connected by cylindrical peifora- tions, forming one continuous air chamber], J. T. Dickey and C. D. Derby, Barberton, Ohio, 767,120. Rubber tread [for boot heels and such like use ; formed of an elastic body and a wear resisting fabric]. P. W, Pratt, Boston. 767,208. Fountain pen. .S, .S. Crocker, Boston, assignor to R, C. Crocker, Clifton, Mass, 767,231. Burner and mi.xer for cautery, J. P. Muller, New York city. 767,272, Automatic car discharge valve, W. A. and B. S. H. Harris, assignors to Harris Manufacturing Co,, all of Greenville, S, C. 767,323. Insulated battery cell [comprising a containing-casing com- posed of metal with an exterior covering of insulating material susceptible of vulcanization, vulcanized thereto to constitute there- with an integral casing]. V. G, Apple, Dayton, Ohio. 767,348. Vehicle tire [solid rubber, having embedded in it a seiies of pieces of metal, the ends of which engage longitudinal retaining wires at either side of the tire], B. F. Kenna, assignor of one- fourth to W, Ibbeken, both of Philadelphia, Issued Aucust 16, 1904. 767,401. Horseshoe [with rubber cushion]. M. D. Glassbrook, An- gola, Ind. 767,430. Method of shaping rubber wheel tires. [Refers to outer covers.] F, S. Ornstien, Kensington, Victoria, Australia. 767,606. Vehicle tire. [Pneumatic ; patent covers special rim. J C. Stein, Akron, Ohio. 767,628. .-Vnticontraction steel bar hoofpad. J. W. II, Chrisman, as- signor of one-fourth to E, F, Pollard, both of Topeka, Kans. 767. 756- Elastic tread attachment for horseshoes. J. N. Hornblower, Elizal-eth, N. J. 767,843. Hose coupling. A, ]. Smith, Buena Vista, assignor of fifty- one one hundredths to S. M. Miller and E, R. Harper, White- pine, Colo. 767,893. Hose coupling. W. S. Jewell, Oakland. Cal. 767,949, Vehicle tire [consisting of a metallic strip next to the felly, with a plurality of leather strips having rubber cushions between], II. Lutz, assignor of two-fifths to B. Harris, both of Hamilton, Oataiio. 767,966. Hose coupling. F. A. Silvis and F. J. Backer, Millvale borough. Pa. Trade Mark. 43,217. Steam packing rings of rubber. The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio. /•;.ii^H//n//<-ai'«r-f— The word SUPERHEAT, Used since July i, 1904. Issued August 23, 1904. 768,188. Hose binder. J. II. Mclntyre and II. Bagshaw, Hartford Conn. 768,216. Fountain pen. A. Eberstein, Winthrop, Mass., assigiior of one-half to C. Brandt, Boston. 768,237. Horseshoe [with cushion pail]. Raymond B. Price, Chicago. 768,278. Pneumatic tire [having the inner side of the outer cover com- posed of a plurality of single strands of gut]. G. II. Hastings, Oporto, Portugal. 768,477. Hose repairing lining. J. McKinley, .Syracuse, N. Y. 768,495. Grip tread for pneumatic tires |consisting of parallel side chains]. II. D. Weed, Canastota, N. Y. 768,523. Massage implement. G. Dittmar, Washington, D. C. Issued August 30, 1904. 768,618. Lawn sprinkler. II. F. Neumejer, Macungic, Pa. 768,637. Device for cleaning lluid pens [Refers to fountain pens.] A. J Thowless, Newark, N. J. 76S.684. Pneumatic tire. J. I'atmley, Paterson, N. J. 763.710. Brush [for use in bathing]. W. Vanderman, Willimantic, Conn. 763,779 Fountain pen. H. W. Stone, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to A. A. W.iterman & Co , New York city. 768,860. Tire [of cushion type]. O. L. Leach, Elmwood, R. I. 768,891. Machinery for preparing rubber sheets or strips. E. F. Ackerman, Passaic, N. J., assignor to The Okonite Co., Ltd. 763.943. Hollow rubber bulb, ball, or analogous article. I. F. Kep- ler, Akron, Ohio, assignor to The B. K. (ioodrich Co. 768.944. Hollow rubber article having neck or projections. Same. 768.945. Rubber-bag body. Same. 768,981. Rubber type. J. S. Duncan, assignor to Addressograph Co., both of Chicago. 768.984, Pump diaphragm, E. George, Jr., New York city. 768.985. Finger-hold for penholders. B. B. Goldsmith, New York. 769,069, Tire for vehicles. J. H. W. Fitzgerald, Bedford Park, England. [Note.— Printed copies of specifications of United States patents may be ordered from The India Rt'nnKii VVoui.n office at 10 cents each, postpaid.] GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Patent Si'ecikications Published. Tlie number given is tliat assigned to tlie Patent at the filing of tlie Applica- tion, wliich in the case of lliosc listed below was in 1903. * Denotes Patents /or .American Inventions. [Abstbactbo in thk Official Journai., JfLV 37, 1904.] * 7.583 (1903). Pneumatic tire [protected against puncture by a thickened tread lined with special fabric, and having chambers at the side filled with sponge rubber]. I. Tennant, Springfield, Ohio. 7,742 (1903). Electric hair brush [involving a rubber insulating pad]. J. S. Collins, Edinburgh. [AUSTHACTRD IN TMP. OfFICIAI. JotJRNAL, At'GUST 4, 1904.] 7.919 (1903). Erasing machine. [An eraser of rubber or other male- rial, to be given motion by a compressed air motor.] C. L. Bur- dick and S. II. Miles, London. * 7.Q50 ('903). Boot heel [composed of rubber and wear resisting fab- rics]. M. Kennedy, Brookline, Massachusetts. * 7,950 (1903). Hoof pad | for use with a " three quarter " metal shoe]. W. J. Kent, Brooklyn, New York. 8,087 (1903). Cushion tire for vehicle wheels. J. N. Bages, Brussels, Belgium. 8,i3q (1903). Pneumatic tire [protected by a belt of overlapping metal plates between the tread and inner tube]. P. W, Meyer and O. E. Kellermann, Chemnitz, Germany. 8,198 (1903). Fountain pen. E. Reisert, Hennef, Germany. [Abstracthd in thk Official Journal, August lo, 1904.I 8,558 (1903). Pneumatic tire [with anti slipping cover of leather pro- vided with projections]. T. Houben, Vcrviers, Belgium. 20 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [OCTOIiER I, 1904. Flesh rubber (for use in shaving]. S. Mockett, I.on- Fountain pen. C. G. Southniayd, West Tullman, Rotary heel for boots. C. II. Wilkinson, lluddersfield, '8,583 (igo3). Seamless toy balloon. V. F. Feeny, London. (Rub- ber Balloon Co. of America, Brooklyn, New York.) •8,749 (1903)- Nipple for feeding bottle. W. F. Ware, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Abstractkd in the Official Jouknal, Al-gust 17, 1904.] •8,896(1903). Storm screen for vehicles. J. P. Gordon, Columbus Ohio. 8,924 (1903). don. *8,972 (1903) Illinois. 9,067 (1903). Yorkshire. 9.228 (1903). Pneumatic tire [protected from puncture by a steel plate inside of the tread]. G. Abati, Madrid, Spain. 9,243 (1903). Vehicle tire (pneumatic or solid ; provided with two tread surfaces to prevent side slipping], M. Eniquem, Paris, France. 9,254 (1903). Driving rope for machinery [made of canvas or other te.\tile material, impregnated with (lutta-percha, Balata, or India- rubber]. W. Shaw, trading as R. Lloyd & Co., Biimingh.Tm. 9.330 (1903). Nursing bottle [having an opening at each end to facili- tate cleaning, and provided with rubber stoppers]. H. P. Thomp- son, London. *9.33' ('903)- Golf ball [composed of a core of wound rubber thread, surrounded by casing of Guttapercha]. C. E. lioutwood and G. Browning, Hindsdale, Illinois, Q.33' (1903)- Rotary heel for boots. J. H. Welsenaar, H.iarlem, Holland. 9.373 (1903)- Pneumatic tire [with spring horns for preventing side slip]. \V. D. Sainsbury, Dublin. [Abstracted in tuf- Official Journal, August ^^, 1904.] 9,468 (1903). Removable tread for pneumatic tires to prevent slipping. C, II. Wilkinson, lluddersfield. •9,484 (1903). Atomizer, for applying medicaments. C. A. Taluni, New York. •9,594 (1903). Cushioned horseshoe. E. L. Abbott, New York. 9,625 (1903). Portable vapor bath. N. Wright, Paris, France. "9,729(1903). Hypodermic syringe. H. H. Lake, London. (Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Michigan.) "9,839 (1903). Protective band of leather for rubber tires. L. C. Cummings, Pasadena, California. 9,840(1903). Vehicle wheel, rendered resilient by pneumatic cushions between the rim, and the tire and between the ends of the spokes and the hub. A. Papleux, Paris. France. [Abstractbd in iHB Official Journal, August 31, 1904 ] 9,952 (1903). Pneumatic tire and special method of attaching to the rim, J. Muskett, Pendleton. 9,972(1903). Sole and heel protector. H. J. BubbandJ. II. Cox, Greenock. *9.997 (1903)- Bottle stopper. G. G. Campbell, Rochester, New York. 10,014 (1903). Golf ball. C. T. Kingzett, Chislehurst, and F. J. Lovegrove, Sutton. 10,059(1903), Pneumatic tire. [Relates to a method of letaining the cover on the rim]. L. Johnstone, Prestwich. 10,076 (1903). Pneumatic tire. T. S. Rose, Uxbridge, and T. N. Harwood, Hounslow. 10.092(1903). Hose coupling. E. Giersberg, Berlin. 10,244(1903). Convertible cloak, stretcher, hammock, bed, and float. P. Haller and J. T. Ellis, London. 10,247 (1903). Repairing tires and other rubber articles. A. A. Wade, Leeds. 10,292 (1903). E. Martin, 10,439 (1903). Solid endless rubber tire, held in position by flanges. London. Elastic stocking. T. Burgum, Canning town, Essex, Patents Apflied For — 1904. Space is piven here only 10 Applications for Patents on Inventions from the United States. i6,5t8. L, G. Sloan, London. Fountain pen. (The L. E. Water- man Co., New York.) July 26. I7,3'3. Raymond B. Price, London. Process for devulcaniiing rub- ber waste, (Communicated from the United States.) Aug. 8. 17,721. F. C. Brown, London. Fountainpen. (Communicated from the United States). Aug. 15. 17,767. H. M. Mannheimer, St. Louis, Missouri. Fountain pen. Aug. 16. GERMAN EMPIRE. Design Patents Granted [Gebrauchsmuster]. 228,516 (Class 301O). Rubber band having an eye at either end. A, Jacobsburg, Hannover. July 27. 228,863 (CI. 33(r). Hair curler of rubber with a longitudinal slit, hav- ing at the end a knob or an eye. E, R. Godward, Inverengill. July 27. 229,007 (CI. 6x1;). Rubber air pump attached to a Rauchhelm tire, to inflate the tire and an exhaust valve worked by hand to discharge the air. Drager-werk. H. & B. Drriger, Liibeck. July 27. 228,970 (CI. 77(i). Swimming device, consisting of two collapsible spheres of rubber connected by a three ended tube having a com- mon mouth piece. M. Ostermaier, Miinich. July 27. 229.743 (CI. 44a). Wash ball, consisting of stuff provided with soft rubber. H. Kramer, Dresden. Aug. 3. 230,114 (CI. 27a) Bellows made of rubber proofed texture. Frau Lud- wig Hupfeld, Leipzig. Aug. 10. 230,058 (CI. 30/), Pneumatic beater for massage purposes, involving an air cushion. Dr. H. Kastl, Miinich. Aug. 10. 232,250 (CI. jog). Collapsible rubber bag to catch spittle or ejections from the stomach. C. Eigendoiff, Kixdorf. Aug. 10. 230,259 (CI. 34,?). Bed clothes holder of two clamps of wire connected by rubber bands. P. Westermann, Hannover. Aug. 10. 230,658 (CI. 63<). Annular repair piece for separated tire inner tubes. Ilannoversche Gummi Kamm Compagnie Akt. Ges. Aug. 17. 230,734 (CI. 63^). Non slipping detachable protective strip for air tires. Same. Aug. 17. 229.043 (CI. 'i°g)- Nursing bottle fittings. II. Boelesch, Cologne a/Rh. July 27. 229.044 (CI. 304'). Nursing bottle fittings. Samr. July 27. ArPLi cations for Patents. 24,425 (Class I5f). Rubber skin pantograph. C. Mierisch, Leipzig, July 27. 30,067 (CI 391^). Process for producing thin Caoutchouc sheets. A. lilossier. Paris, France. July 27. 18,096 (CI. 631). Elastic wheel tire. R. S. Graham and W. M. Perkins, New York. July 27. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. Patents Issued (With Dates of Application). 670 (Feb. 23). Societe Franz Clouth Rheinische Gummiwaarenfa- brik. Vulcanizing receptacle with screw top cover, provided with an inside press, and operated from the outside. 796 (Feb. 27). J. A. Mays. Tread for pneumatic tires. ,744 (Feb. 26). Societe Duquesne et Dockcs. Toys or other ob- jects made of dilated India-rubber, containing several separate com- partments. 8S6 (March 2). A. J. Grossmann and G. K. Wollaston. Anti slipping device for pneumatic tires. 924 (Feb. 26). J. Spyker. Pneumatic tires. ,034 (March 8). M. V. B. Rush. Tire for vehicle wheels. 051 (March 9). Societe H. Bussing. Pneumatic tire having a plurality of compartments. 172 (March 5). R. Bobet. Pneumatic tires with sewed canvas. 196 (March 11). Societe Industrielle des Telephones. Manufac- ture of electric conductors, single and multiple, with longitudinal textile coies and spiral metallic windings. 013 (March 3). E. 11. Fayolle. Process for preparing a substance resembling Gutta-percha. 930 (March 3). R. Robitschek. Materials for bandage or tape dressings and process for their manufacture, cog (March 7). R. Appleyard. Golf ball. C. Dalmas. Anti slipping protector for rubber 340 340, 340 340, 340 341 341, 341, 34t, 341. 340, 341. 341 341, 341, 341 341 302 (March 18). tires. 595 (March 25). 683 (March 26). 494 (March 21) vehicles. S. J. Lilley and E. P. Bucton. Elastic tire. J. Jouy. Pneumatic collar for horses. J. Mitchell. Pneumatic tire for cycles and ,490 (March 23). G. M. Signoret. air compression chamber. Pneumatic shoe with multiple INoTR. — Prioted copies of specifications of French patents may be obtained from R. Bobet, Ingcnieiir-Coflseil, 16, avenue de ViUiers, Paris, «t 50 cents each, post- paid.] October i, 1904 ] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD XIX TKe place wHere 3000 busy workmen daily add to tHe store of good tHings in rubber. Tbe Home of Goodrich Rubber Goods MecHanical Rubber Goods Druggists', Surg'eons' and Stationers' Rubber Sundries Automobile Tires Carriage Tires Bicycle Tires Hashell Golf Balls THE B. F. GOODRICH COMPANY AI\RON RUBBER WORKS AllRON, OHIO BRANCHES NEW YORK 66 Reade Street ami 1625 liroadway CHICAGO 141 Ijike Street BOSTON 157 Summer Street PHILADELPHIA 922 Arch Street BUFFALO 9 W. Huron Street CLEVELAND -12 Superior Street LONDON, 7 Snow Hill, E. C. AfentUm The India Jiuhber World wTi^n you write. DETROIT 80 East Congress Street DENVER 1444 Curtis Street SAN FRANCISCO 392 Mission Street zz THE INDIA RUBBER Vv'OHL-D [October i, 1904. Interlocking Rubber Tiling. It is noiseless, non-slippery, waterproof, thor- oughly sanitary and so durable as to last practi- cally a life time without requiring repairs. It may be laid directly upon existing floor, whether of wood, cement, stone or iron, therefore saving the expense of constructing a concrete floor which is absolutely necessary in all other kinds of tiling. A perfect floor for business offices, banking rooms, court rooms, vestibules, halls, billiard rooms, smoking rooms, cafes, libraries, churches, hospitals, hotels, bathrooms, kitchens, etc. Samples, estimates and special designs fur- . , ^u . r^ • o r.u u . II- n . V. nlshcd upon application. As laid by us 111 the Dimng Room of the Hotel Essex, Boston, Mass. l rr BEWARE OF INFRINGERS. PATENTED. MANUFACTURED SOLELY BY New York Belting and Packing Co., Ltd. Nos. 91-93 CHAriBERS STREET, NEW YORK. BALTIMORE, 41 South Liberty Street, BOSTON, 232 Summer Street, PHILADELPHIA, 724 Chestnut Street, INDIANAPOLIS, 229 S. Meridian Street. SAINT LOUIS, 411 N. 3d Street, CHICAGO, 150 Lake Street, SAN FKANCISCO, 605-607 Mission Street. Mention The India Rubber World when i/ou write. GARDEN HOSK FOR 1904. Rubber Lined Cotton Three, Four, Five and Seven ply Hose —ALL COLORS.— JVrite for Samples and Prices The Mechanical Rubber Co.^ Cleveland Seamless Tube Hose Means Larger Sales, No Complaints For the Jobber. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Mention the India Rubber World when iiou write. October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 21 RUBBER INTERESTS IN EUROPE. LEYLAND AND BIRMINGHAM RUBBER CO., LIMITF.D. AT the annual general meeting (Leyland, England, August 17) the accounts presented showed a gross profit for the year ending June 30 of /^'S^Sg o^. 2r/. This is a consider- ably lower figure than in former years, which is accounted for by the directors by reason of the exceptionally high cost of raw materials and the impossibility, in the face of competition, of advancing their selling prices proportionately. Otherwise, the company's business was in good condition, the volume of trade having been increased and desirable new markets having been secured. A high degree of efficiency of the plant had been maintained and the cost of considerable improvementscharged to revenue. The dividends for the year aggregate 5 per cent, on share issues of ^233 557, which would absorb ^11.677 17^. After deducting for reserves and depreciations, a balance of j£335° S-^- 9'^- "'^s carried over, against a balance last yjar of ;£6445 lis. 4(i. This completes the sixth year of operation of the consolidated companies, the rate of dividend hitherto hav- ing been as follows : lP9g. 1900. igoi. 1902. 1903. t}i% (>'A% T/2% iVii ^H-i The directors reported that, while not discouraged at the present situation, they felt that they would not be justified in looking for any marked improvement in the near future, in view of the abnormal price of raw material still ruling. RUBBER PAVING IN LONDON — A CORRECTION. To THE Editor of The India Rubiier World : We ob- serve in your issue of September i, 1904, that in an article on page 415, relating to rubber paving laid in England and other places, you make the statement that the relaying of the rubber paving at Euston station was carried out by the North British Rubber Co. This statement is inaccurate, as we beg to inform you that the recent relaying was carried out by this company. We re- main. Dear Sir, yours faithfully, THE INDIA RUBBER, GUTTA PERCHA AND TELEGRAPH WORK.S CO., LIMITED. Stivertown, London, E., September 14, 1904. NEW FEATURE OF A GREAT RUSSIAN FACTORY. To THE Editor of The India Rubber World: Some years ago I wrote for your columns some facts about the Rus- sian-American India-Rubber Co. (St. Petersburg) as gleaned by myself during a visit of nearly two months with them. Since those days I have visited this great establishment sev- eral times. Each visit has increased my knowledge of their methods and with increased knowledge comes increased ad- miration. In an article now under way I will try and give you some definite and correct facts, historical and personal, which may be of interest to your readers. At this time I write simply to tell you of a new departure made by them, an addition to their eflorts to make good men and women, as well as good and faithful workers. You have been told of their nursery, kindergarten, and advanced school; now to these has been added a country home for their oper- atives. They call it " Erholungs-Haus," or recreation house. It is located in a healthy and handsome estate, about fifty miles from St. Petersburg, called Wolosowa. The house is handsome in appearance, contains all modern conveniences, both for summer and winter use, and has accom- modations for fifty people. Both men and women, who through illness are unable to work and need a rest and a change, are sent to this place at the company's expense, and entertained there for one or two months. During this rest. while the operative is receiving all the benefits of good air, good food, and hygienic living, his or her pay is curtailed but a little, so that at the end of the period of rest they have not run in debt for the support of those left at home. A. M. STICKNEY. Medford. MaHsachusetls. Seplcmber 35, igot. GREAT BRITAIN. The directors of W. T. Henley's Telegraph Works Co. Limited, have declared an interim dividend on the ordinary shares at the rate of lo per cent, per annum, less income tax, for the half year ending June 30 last, payable September 2. This compares with an interim dividend at the rate of 12 per cent, per annum last year. =The India-Rubber, Gutta-Percha and Telegraph Works Co., Limited, have issued a circular, dated September i, an- nouncing advances in the prices of rubber goods, varying be- tween lYi and 5 per cent. =W. T. Glover & Co., Limited (Manchester, England), are mentioned as having been awarded a contract for supplying their Diatrine paper insulated, lead covered, and leadless and vulcanized rubber cables to the city of Johannesburg, South Africa, to the extent of more than ;^ioo,ooo [=$500,000]. GERMANY. The Gummi-Zeitung of September 9 reports having learned by wire, at the moment of going to press, that the hard rubber manufacturers of Germany agreed upon the following advance in prices: A temporary advance of 10 per cent, on hard rubber combs, smokers' articles, razor handles, slabs, rods, tubes, tech- nical and electro-technical articles ; also divers articles of hard rubber. On pipe mouthpieces the advance is 25 per cent. The advance takes effect immediately. =The firm of S. Saul (Samuel Saul, proprietor), manufac- turers of surgical rubber goods, at Aachen, on September 3 celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of one of its foremen. Many presents from the firm, officers and employes, and tokens of honor were received by him. A reception, held at the Dom Hotel, joyful and harmonious in nature, gave evidence of the spirit of good feeling existing between employer and employes. CONGO CONSUL TO THE UNITED STATES. WITH a view to strengthening thecommercial and friendly relations between the United States and the Congo, King Leopold has appointed Mr. James Gustavus Whiteley as consul of the Independent Congo State in this country. This is the first consular representative of the Congo appointed in the United States. Mr. Whiteley is a newspaper man and author and also a banker. He has represented the government of the United States at several international congresses, is an associate of the Institute of International Law. a fellow of the Royal Histori- cal Society of Great Britain, and a corresponding member of the Society of Diplomatic History of France. It is not necessary to add that Mr. Whiteley is not in sym- pathy with the criticisms of the government of the Congo Free State, which have been so pronounced of late, especially in England. On the contrary, he has used his pen in defense of the administration of that country under the sovereignty of the king of the Belgians. Mr. Whiteley 's address is No. 223 West Lanvale street, Baltimore, Maryland. In re Victor Rubber Co.— the old concern, in bankruptcy — several creditors' meetings were held during the past month at Springfield, Ohio, but without any definite agreements being reached in this exceedingly complicated case. 22 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. RUBBER INDUSTRY IN MASSACHUSETTS. THE eighteenth annual report of statistics of manufactures of Massachusetts, issued by the bureau of statistics of labor of that state, covers the year 1903, in comparison with which figures are given for the preceding year. These reports are not presented as a complete census of Massachusetts in- dustries, but comprise only those establishments from which detailed statements actually have been received. The percent- age of factories reporting, however, is so great as apparently to justify the conclusions drawn as to relative industrial condi- tions in the state, comparing one year with another. Under the head " Rubber and Elastic Goods " details are given in re- gard to 47 establishments, from which reports have been re- ceived annually for some time past, and Tiiii India Rubber World has summarized, in the table herewith, the figures not only in the current report, but in the preceding returns back to 1900. The result is to show a steady advance in the Massachu- setts rubber industry. The item of "Capital devoted to production " may require a world of explanation. Under the system employed by the Massachusetts bureau of statistics, the term " capital " does not relate to the amount of share capital of a company, but to the actual value of assets as reported by a company, on the same basis, year after year. The amount is variable, therefore, even where no change has been made in the amount actually invested in a business. For instance, the showing of assets in- cludes cash and bills receivable, and value of raw materials and manufactured stock in hand at the date of making the re- port for any given factory, and these items are especially vari- able. The statistics of wages paid do not include the compensation of officers, clerks, or other salaried persons. The "average yearly earnings " are arrived at by dividing the total amount of wages paid by the average number of employes. It is apparent, from the computations made by the Massa- chusetts bureau, that the increase in the value of products in rubber industry since 1900 has been much greater than in the total industries in that state. In other words, starting with the value of products of all rubber factories in Massachu- setts in 1900, as shown by the United States census, and con- sidering the general average of increase of production since, as estimated by the Massachusetts bureau, the /o/'<7/ rubber goods production in 1903 would have worked out at a little over §40.000,000. As a matter of fact, however, the 47 rubber fac- tories reporting — and believed to represent 80 per cent, of the total rubber goods production in the state — show products for THE RUBBER INDUSTRY IN MASSACHUSETTS 1903 of a value exceeding $48,000,000. On the other hand, the machinery and metal trades make a much smaller showing in actual results for 1903 than the result obtained by estimating by averages. A NATIONAL RUBBER CENSUS NEXT YEAR. The United States census bureau, which now has become a permanent establishment, instead of having to be reorganized every ten years, is planning a census of manufactures next year, on the idea that the development of the country's indus- trial resources makes desirable accurate information regarding the leading lines of production oftener than once in ten years. Schedules of inquiries will be mailed, therefore, to all manufac- turers in the more important branches, including India-rubber, before January i, and after that date the mail canvass will be supplemented by the work of special agents in the field. With every schedule is given the pledge of the census bureau that all answers will be held absolutely confidential. No publication will be made of the census reports disclosing the names or operations of individual establishments, the information being used only for the statistical purposes for which it is given Manufacturers may answer fully the list of inquiries with the assurance that nothing will be divulged. RUBBER HORSESHOES AND OTHERS. (( Details. Establishments reporting Owned by private firms Number of partners. . . O wned by corporations Number of stockholders Owned by industrial combination. Capital devoted to production. . . . Value of stock used Value of goods made Average number wage earners. . . . Smallest number during year Largest number during year Total wages paid Average yearly earnings Average days in operation Proportion of business done, com pared with capacity 1900. 47 22 46 24 1,052 I $14,062,929 $16,917,786 $31,123,230 10,685 8,662 12,109 l4 485,9f'i $4'9 84 269.96 65.32 47 20 44 26 1,195 I $15,894,533 $17,494,983 $32,613,253 11,044 9.784 12,648 $4,910,405 1444-62 269 81 68.91 1903 TWO million kegs, containing 100,000,000 horseshoes, are used annually in the United States and Canada, approximately speaking," said S. L. Martin, who represents an iron manufacturing concern of the east. "That was about the number used last year, and all the hue and cry about rubber shoes and automobiles is raised in the face of a constantly in- creasing sale of horseshoes. " As a matter of fact, the use of rubber horseshoes, which is confined almost altogether to the large cities, is a help to man- ufacturers. The sale of old fashioned shoes goes on increasing, and in addition to that the manufacturers have an opportunity to make the steel portion of rubber shoes. All so called rub- ber shoes have a rim of steel in them, and it is usually of bet- ter metal and gives the manufacturer a wider berth for profits than the old fashioned shoe. "There is a class of people, though, who write essays against rubber horseshoes and decry them in every possible way, but like most persons who oppose progress, they stand in their own light and of course cannot see." — Louisville Courier- Journal. The following estimate is put out by the Fibre Cushion Horse Shoe Co., Inc. (New York) : " There are about 17,000,000 horses in the United States, and the annual consumption of horseshoes in jqp this country is over 96,000,000 sets (384.000,000 horseshoes)." 47 17 37 29 1,260 I .913,817,419 819,073,505 $43,99!), 474 12,065 9,544 13.095 $5,471,349 $448.52 284.94 74-77 47 16 36 30 1,314 I $12,907,312 $20,031,456 $48,597,297 12.479 13.095 13,459 §5. 674. 595 $454 73 289.39 75.83 C. H. Hanson, one of the largest manufacturers of rubber stamps and stencil goods in the country, began business in Chicago in 1865, adding rubber goods at a later date. He has been for a number of years consul for Denmark in Chicago, for a district con- taining many Danish Americans, and has just been reappointed to this posi- tion, in addition to which King Christ- ian of Denmark has conferred upon him the decoration of Knight of Dan- neborg. OcrouER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 23 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN RUBBER TRADE. DAVIDSON RUBBER CO. INCORPORATED. THE long established druggists' sundries firm, the David- son Rubber Co. (Boston), have become a corporation, under Massachusetts laws, with $200,000 capital. The directors are Rhodes Lockwood, president and treasurer; Rhodes G. Lockwood, assistant treasurer; William N. Lock- wood, and Francis Gray. The corporation has taken title to the extensive manufacturing property, in the Charlestown dis- trict, hitherto occupied by the business. The following state- ment of condition is supplied in connection with the incorpo- ration of the business, it being understood that the same is based upon a very conservative valuation : ASSETS. LIABII.ITIliS. Plant $84,000 Capital. .. $200,000 Merchandise 130.000 Bills payable 68,100 Hills receivable 39, 100 Cash 15,000 Total 1268,100 Total $268,100 The company owes its name to Dr. Herman E. Davidson (1815-1890), who, although he was the inventor of the David- son syringe, would never accept any pecuniary benefit from it, holding that it was against the ethics of his profession to en- gage in the sale of any patented articles used in the practice of medicine. The syringe was perfected by his brother, Charles H. Davidson, who patented it and began its manufacture. In i860 the latter died, after having sold to his nephew, Hamilton D. Lockwood, his patents, tools, and materials, which were utilized in carrying on the manufacture under the name David- son Rubber Co. In 186S Mr. Lockwood took into partnership his brother Rhodes Lockwood, and died in 1875, leaving the latter sole proprietor of the business, but on January i, 1876 another brother, Philip C. Lockwood became interested, under the firm name R. & P. C. Lockwood. Nineteen years later Philip retired, selling his interest to his brother Rhodes, who took his son William N. into partnership with him, another son, Rhodes G., being admitted to the firm later. The firm name Rhodes Lockwood & Co. was adopted, for the ownership of the property, though during the whole time the manufac- turing and selling business has been conducted under the name of the Davidson Rubber Co. Now that a corporation has been formed, it has taken title to the property, as above stated. It might be mentioned that Rhodes Lockwood's first connection with the business really was in 1858, when for awhile he was employed in the office of his uncle Charles H. Davidson. The production of this company has been extended until it embraces a wide line of druggists', surgical, and stationers' goods, in soft and hard rubber, for which a high reputation has been maintained. It is stated that nine-tenths of the crude rubber bought for cousumption by this company is of the finest Para grades. HARRISON-WILLIAMS RUBBER CO. The Williams Rubber Co. (Los Angeles, California), incor- porated in April, 1903, has changed its name to The Harrison- Williams Rubber Co. H. O. Harrison, who has been connected with the business from the beginning, becomes president of the company, with T. J. Williams vice president, and W. G. Wil- liams secretary and treasurer. They are large dealers in tires, handling the Goodrich, Diamond, G & J, Fisk, and Dunlop makes, in southern California and Arizona, and maintaining an extensive tire repair shop, with vulcanizers, molds, etc., to enable them to repair any of the leading brands of tires. In this re- spect, they probably have the most complete shop in the United States. The company also handle mechanical rubber goods to a certain extent. BOWERS RUBBER CO. PLANNING NEW FACTORY. The Bowers Rubber Co. (San Francisco), manufacturers of mechanical rubber goods, have purchased a tract of 12 acres at the junction of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, near Oakland, California, on which they purpose building a new factory. It is stated to be a most desirable site, and building plans are being prepared. THE IMPERIAL RUBBER CO. TBEACH CITY, OHIO.) This new company, succeeding two older concerns, as re- ported recently in The India Ruisber World, have just com- pleted a new building for office use and stock room, and are in position to engage actively in the manufacture of seamless rub- ber gloves— red, white, and black, of all sizes; seamless water bottles, syringes, ice bags, finger cots, face masks, etc. They are also prepared to make vehicle tires, besides continuing the manufacture of hard rubber harness mountings, which were a specialty of the Canton Hard Rubber Co., one of the concerns ucceeded by the new company. REMOVAL OF MULCONROY & CO. MuLCONROY Co., Incorporated (Philadelphia), on Oc- tober I removed from Market street to No. 722 Arch street Prior to removal they had a clearance sale of their retail sun- dries stock, and hereafter will devote their attention solely to mechanical rubber goods and the manufacture of their exten- sive line of piston packings. TRIBUTE OF EMPLOYES TO MR. CONVERSE. A HANDSOME bronze tablet in memory of the late Hon. Elisha S. Converse, founder of the Boston Rubber Shoe Co., at Maiden, Massachusetts, has been placed in the office of the com- pany's Edgeworth factory. The money for the tablet was raised by subscription among the employes in all branches of the factories. The tablet is inscribed : " This tablet is erected in the memory of Elisha S. Converse by the emplo)es of Factory i of the Boston Rubber Shoe Company. June, 1904." W. H. Johnson, E. A. Rhoades, and A. Copelin, overseers in the factory, were the committee in charge of its installation. RUBBER GOODS AT CANADIAN FAIRS. The Gutta-Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Cu. of Toron- to, Limited, was well represented by displays of theirproducts at two recent exhibitions of importance — the Canadian National Exhibition, at Toronto, and the Dominion Exposition, held this year at Winnipeg. The latter town, which thirty years ago was only a trading station of the Hudson Bay Co., has now a pop- ulation of 75,000, and the fair there was a large one and liberal- ly attended. The rubber exhibit referred to was installed by The Winnipeg Rubber Co., Limited, who are the Western rep- resentatives of the Toronto company above named. The dis- play received one of the two gold medals offered for premium honors in the Winnipeg Manufactures building. The district of which Winnipeg is the center is rapidly filling up with settlers from the United States, who last year numbered 49,000. The wheat crop this year is expected to yield 75,000,000 bushels, and the region already affords an important market for manu- factures. 24 THE INDIA RUB^fiR WORLD [OCTOIiER I, 1904. MR. HIGHET LEAVES THE RUBBER TRADE. The following announcement is made by the American Hard Rubber Co. (New York), in relation to a member ol their office staff who possesses a host of friends in the trade : To THE Trade : We regret to announce that Mr. Frank B. Ilighet, who has been identified with us in the hard rubber business for the past 25 years, has decided to sever his connection with this company on this date. Mr. Highet has associated himself with Mr. Percy Gardner, to engage in the manufacture of fancy narrow fabrics and feather stitch braid, and he leaves us with our sincere wishes for his success and con- tinued prosperity. Yours very truly, ameuican hard RulinKlt co. New York, September i, 1904. Mr. Highet has become a member of the firm Gardner & Highet Co., No. 447 Broadway, New York, with mills at Provi- dence, Rhode Island. THE RUBBER INDUSTRY IN TORONTO. Says the "Toronto Gloie : "One of the most striking evi- dences of industrial expansion in Toronto is provided by the Gutta Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co. Ten years ago this company gave employment to 75 artisans; to-day the number on their pay roll is nearly 600 — eight times as many. To fill the demand for the products of the works it has been necessary to add considerably to the factory every year, until now the company own a number of mammoth shops in Park- dale, covering several acres. Not only are the company doing an immense trade with all parts of the Dominion, but they are exporting large quantities to the British Isles, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the East." AFFAIRS OF THE GUM-CARBO CO. The Gum-Carbo Co., incorporated in Texas in 1902 to manu- facture from petroleum, combined with certain other materials, a substitute for rubber, suitable especially for use in hard rub- ber goods, for insulation work, and for paints and varnishes [See The India Rubber World, April i, 1902 — page 230] have been at work, since April last, erecting a factory plant near Gulfport, Mississippi — a point on the gulf of Mexico not far from New Orleans. At this time an office building, distill- ing house, and a three story main building 125X175 feet are nearly completed. On August 17 fire in the town of Gulfport destroyed the temporary office of the company there, causing the loss of their correspondence files, mailing lists, and samples of their products, which will cause some inconvenience for a limited time. Secretary R. E. Humphreys advises The India Rubber World : "Our material vulcanizes with or without any rubber in compounds ; in paint it is superior to any of the bitumens, and also lends superior qualities to roofing over bitumen mixtures, Flexibility is characteristic, but as yet no considerable amount of elasticity has been developed in our material. Not having any product to market, we have not enlisted the interest of rubbermen. We know they will take some of our material, probably more than we can spare for some time. We must turn out some paints and varnishes, and such goods as will probably pay us better than selling our crude uncompounded." Y. M. C. A. WORK IN RUBBER FACTORIES. The Young Men's Christian Association of Trenton, New Jersey, endeavors to keep in touch with the men employed in the factories of that city by means of a committee representing the association in each establishment. The committees in the various rubber factories aie as follows : Crescent Belting and Packing Co. = Thomas Keating, Charles Wilk- ing, II. C. Everingham. Empire Rubber Manufacturing Co.= Arthur Scarborough, William D. Van Horn, J. Oliver Smith. Grieb Rubber Co. = Robert Marshall. Hamilton Rubber Manufacturing Co.=Jesse Sooy, Wilbur Cain, Ed- ward Kobbins, Uriah Pittman. Home Rubber Co. = Percy Gifford, Charles E. Troupe, John E. Mullen. Joseph Stokes Rubber Co. = Paul Gunkel, H. S. Gray, Dunbar Phil- lips. Trenton Rubber Manufacturing Co. = E. O. Titus, G. II. G. Cham- berlain. John Kvans. United and (ilobe Rubber Manufacturing Cos. = Malcolm Salter, Charles Brady. Vulcanized Rubber Co. (Morrisville) = Everett Townsend, Bert Wilkes, A. R, Ellis, Harry Burns. Whitehead Brothers Rubber Co. = Lyman L. Titus, John Brink, T. W. Cubberley, J. C. Coudle. THE MARCH UPON CLAREMONT. The Woonsocket Reporter on September 15 contained a report from Bristol, Rhode Island, stating: "A large number of skilled rubber workers have left Bristol for new employment in a rubber factory at Claremont, N. H." The Manchester Union of the same date contained a report from Claremont to the effect that the town had been overrun with foreigners, who had arrived there from Bristol, to go to work in the rubber department of the Maynard shoe factory. They claimed that a representative of Mr. Maynard had visited Bristol and given out that 300 rubber workers were required. The representative referred to told the Union reporter that he had contracted for 15 workers, of whom 13 had arrived and were then in the factory ; the others had come without sugges- tion from him. Most of the new arrivals were without money, and had to be assisted back to Bristol. NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS. United States Rubber Co. : Common. Pbbferred. Sales. High. Low. Sales. High. Low. Week ending July 23 lo.igs 19% 18 3.277 781^ 73K Weekending July 30 3.755 19% 19 1,940 76 nv? Week ending Aug. 6 1,220 19M ^9K 420 75^4: 74U Week ending Aug. 13 1. 513 ■9^4^ 19H 2,623 75>^ 74 H Week ending Aug. 20 1.779 19% 183/ 679 76 75J4 Week ending Aug. 27 1.300 19M i&U 1,600 76 75^ Week ending Sept. 3 I 290 19^ iS7A I.lSl 75?^ 73^8 Week ending Sept. 10 2,195 ^9% iSU 655 75 74 Week ending Sept. 17 8,245 20U 19'A 2,136 75M' 74 Week ending Sept. 24 2,040 20 •9^ 960 74?^ IVA Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co.: Common. Preperrhd. DATES. Sales. High. Low. Sales. High. Low. Week ending July 23 3,800 19^ nVz 875 19A 78^ Week ending July 30 825 iS'A 18 385 79 78/8 Week ending Aug. 6 50 i8J^ li'A 100 79 79 Week ending Aug. 13 760 18 17 200 79;^ ■19%. Week ending .'\ug. 20 1,430 19 n'A 750 81 19'A Week ending Aug. 27 900 i&'X 18 100 81 81 Week ending Sept. 3 300 18 ii'A 780 82 81 Week ending Sept. 10 2,465 19^ ii]4 165 81 81 Week ending Sept. 17 10,915 20 -A 19% 20 &2'A 82 Week endine Sept. 24 1.8^0 19H 19 35 82?£ 82 H AFFAIRS OF GEORGE WATKINSON & CO. (PHILADELPHIA). The afTairs of George Watkinson & Co. (Philadelphia), in bankruptcy, appear to have remained at about the same stage since the last report on the subject in The India Rubber World some months ago. After the meeting of creditors in the early part of July, when the status of the numerous claims was made known to the trustees of the estate — the Provident Life and Trust Co. — the latter took exception to the payment of several of the claims, on the ground that they were not bona fide. Their contentions were set forth in a petition addressed to the referee, Richard Hunter. After its receipt, for some October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 25 time no meetings were called, it being thought advisable not to convene a session of creditors until the objections of the trustees were thoroughly gone over and an opinion given as to whether these objections should be sustained. In the mean- time, no dividends have been paid and no action taken for the benefit of the creditors. A meeting has now been called for the tirst week in October, when it is thought something definite may be done. THE "open shop" IN CHICAGO. After having been shut down for two weeks the Chicago facto- ies of the Mechanical Rubber Co. and Morgan & Wright resumed work on September 12, without a renewal of the agree- ment with the Rubber Workers' Union which expired on Au- gust 31. On the expiration of the old agreement the two concerns declined to enter into further contract relations with the union, claiming that the union had pernvitted its members to go on strike four times during the life of the agreement. After the shutdown the companies wrote to their former em- ployes, ollering to reinstate them as individuiils, but not as members of the union. The first answer to this course was the declining of a strike by the union, but finally enough of the former employes applied for work to enable the factories to be reopened at the time stated. Meanwhile extensive repairs had been made at the factories. A PLEASANT OUTING OF RUBBER MEN. THii foremen and clerks and executive staff of the Passaic factory of the New York Belting and Packing Co., Limited, had their seventh annual clambake, on September 3, at Don- nelly's Grove, College Point, Long Island, and it proved a most enjoyable occasion for the 150 or more, including guests, who participated. The party arrived at College Point about 1 1 A. M, and left for the return home at 6 p. m. A chowder breakfast was served upon their arrival at the grove, and the clambake was ready at 2 o'clock. Breakfast was followed by a baseball game between a team from the hose room and another representing the rest of the factory; five innings were played and the factory team won by a score of 9 to 8. Other sports during the day were: One hundred yard dash, sack race, putt- ing the shot, and throwing the hammer. A number of the party went bathing. Among those present were Mayor Green- lie, of Passaic ; City Attorney Sullivan, Collector A. T. Zabris- kie, and Councilman James King, and Robert G. Bremmer, editor of the Passaic Herald. The latter experienced, while bathing, what is asserted to be his second narrow escape from drowning this year. Everybody in the party wore a silk badge on which was mounted a photograph of E. J. Coughlin, the general factory manager, as an evidence of the high esteem in which he is held by the company's employes. The committees in charge of the outing were liberally complimented upon its success. They were : On Arrangements. — E. J. Coughlin and I. P. Blackman, ex-ojffiiio ; Joseph Spitz, chairman ; E. C. Gruehl, treasurer ; R. Robertson, J. Ring, F. Abele, G. McNiflf. On Games. — V . Abele, chairman; Richard Banks, William Troutwelle; The Editor of The India Rubber World regrets that pressing business at a distance made impossible his acceptance of a complimentary invitation to the clambake. NEW INCORPORATIONS. Davidson Rubber Co. (Boston), August 31, 1904, under Massachusetts laws; capital, $200,000. Further details in another column. = The Columbia Rubber Co., July 12, 1904. under the laws of the District of Columbia ; capital authorized, $500,000. Incor- porators: William McDonald, Simon Hamburger, E. W. Mc- Cormick, E. M. Freeman, B. E. T. Kretschmann. A Washing- ton corporation agency advises The India Kuuber World: "The Columbia Rubber Co. does not expect to do any business, the parties interested having discontinued soon after securing the charter." =The Pacific Rubber Stamp Co. (Los Angeles), August 22, 1904, under California laws; capital, $10,000. Incorporators: C. D. Hudson, George S. Greene, F. B. Kitts, O. L. Olshausen, and I. M. Hutchinson. TRADE NEWS NOTES. The Boston Belting Co. announce that they have concluded arrangements with the Jewell Belting Co. (Nos. 175-177 Lake street, Chicago), to act as their exclusive Chicago selling agents. The Jewell Belting Co. were established in 1848 as manufacturers of leather belting, their main office now being at Hartford, Connecticut. They are also large handlers of rub- ber belting, of which line their Chicago store is an important distributing center. They will carry a full line of the Boston Belting Co.'s mechanical rubber goods. = A further meeting of the manufacturers of mechanical goods, whose first step toward the organization of an associa- tion was mentioned in the last India Rubber World, is scheduled for the evening of October 6, at the Waldorf-Astoria, New York. =The managers of branch stores of the United States Rub- ber Co., who meet for consultation twice a year, held their fall conference about the middle of September in St. Louis. Not only was this a convenient point, but the managers had an op- portunity to see the World's Fair. = The La Crosse Rubber Mills Co. (La Crosse, Wisconsin)', have ordered considerable new machinery, with a view to ex- tending their plant and taking on the manufacture of tires and some mechanical rubber goods. It is understood that for the present no enlargement of the factory building is intended. = Fisk Rubber Co. (Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts) have de- cided to establish at Chicago a Western department, in charge of Frank C. Riggs, to handle their trade west of Buffalo. The Chicago local branch, at No. 54 State street, will remain in charge of Ben Pratt, as manager. =Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Co. have been awarded a contract for supplying the city of Cleveland, Ohio, with 5000 feet of T.yz inch rubber lined cotton fire hose, for which bids were opened on August 26. = The foundry of A. Adamson, at Akron, Ohio, has lately closed a contract with the La Crosse Rubber Mills Co. (La Crosse, Wis.), including six hydraulic presses, one being a 44" X 44" multiple; also, a \" tubing machine. The Adamson foundry is very busy in all departments, with the outlook good for business throughout the winter. = The foremen of the various departments of the rubber factory of L. Candee & Co. (New Haven, Connecticut), to the number of 51, dined at Savin Rock on the evening of Septem- ber 10, having as guests of honor Messrs. J. H. Pearce and G. E. Bailey, respectively superintendent of the factory and treasurer of the company. The occasion was a thoroughly en- joyable one. =The Joseph Banigan Rubber Co.'s Buffalo agency will carry a stock of " Banigan " and " Woonasquatucket " goods at Mansfield, Ohio, during the sizing season, in order that more prompt deliveries may be made in that territory, when the sea- son is on, that it is possible to make from Buffalo. The stock will be in charge of Charles A. Eldridge, at No. 217 North Main street, Mansfield. = The Preston Hose and Rubber Co. are removing their fac- tory equipment, which has not been active for some time past, from Marlboro to Woodville, Massachusetts. 26 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. = In the United States court at Denver, Colorado, Judge Hallett recently dismissed a suit brought by the United States Rubber Co. to enforce the collection of a claim for §40,000 against a customer, on the ground that the plaintifT company had failed to comply with the Colorado statute requiring cor- porations formed under the laws of other states to pay a cor- poration tax there and to name a local agent to sue or be sued. = Fabric Fire Hose Co. (New York) have been distributing to their friends in the trade a handsome souvenir in the shape of a leather card case, embossed with the company's trade mark. = The regular quarterly dividend of lyi per cent, on the pre- ferred shares of the American Chicle Co. is payable on Octo- ber I. The regular monthly dividend of i per cent, on the common shares was paid on September 20. = W. H. Salisbury & Co. (No. 107 Madison street, Chicago), so long engaged in the distribution of mechanical rubber goods, have taken the account of the Pennsylvania Rubber Co. (Jeannette, Pa.) = Mr. H. M. Sadler, Jr., formerly general manager of the United States Rubber Co., and for some time past engaged in the banking business in Wall street, it is reported, is about to become connected with the Banner Rubber Co. (St. Louis). = Mr. R. M. Howison, of R. M. Howison & Co., Snow Hill, London, European agents for the Pennsylvania Rubber Co. (Jeannette, Pa.), was a visitor to the United Stales during the latter half of September. = C. W. Barrett, who has for some time represented the Bos- ton Woven Hose and Rubber Co, in the southwest, will here- after represent them in St. Louis and adjoining territory, with headquarters at St. Louis. = Labor day (September 5) was celebrated at Lambertville, New Jersey, with a carnival in which the whole city took part, instead of the celebration being confined to a demonstration by organized labor. There was an oration by the Hon. Francis B. Lee, of Trenton, on the industrial progress of the city, and a procession through streets decorated in gala attire. Prom- inent features of the procession were floats representing the Lambertville Rubber Co. and the New Jersey Rubber Co. = The New York branch of the Tennant Auto-Tire Co. (Springfield, Ohio) reports having equipped to date over 800 automobiles with the Tennant puncture proof tires. The com- pany expect next year to turn out a full line of tires built on the same principle for motor cycles. PERSONAL MENTION. Herr Arthur Kr.aack, manager of the Russian-American India-Rubber Co. (St. Petersburg), was a recent visitor to the World's Fair at St. Louis, and while in the States favored the offices of The India Rubber World with a call. = Recent visitors to The India Rubber World office have been Mr. Francis Crosbie Roles, editor of the Times of Ceylon (Colombo), who came to America as official visitor to the Cey- lon Court at the World's Fair, and Mr. M. Kelway Bamber, government chemist for Ceylon, who also was on an official mission to the fair. = Mr. Isidor Frankenburg, the head of the important rubber manufacturing firm of I. Frankenburg & Sons, Limited, of Man- chester, England, and a member of the Society of Chemical In- dustry, was in attendance at the society's annual meeting in New York, which was begun on September 7.=^-^Mr. Walter F. Reid, of Surrey, a consulting chemist and the inventor of " Velvril " and some other compounds of intefest to the rubber trade, was also in attendance, the British visitors in all number- ing about a hundred. = Mr. George H. Hood, of Boston, so long a prominent figure in the rubber industry, has returned from an automobile tour of Europe, which consumed most of the summer, and extended through Great Britain, Fiance, Switzerland, and Belgium. = Mr. Ephraim L. Corning, a director in the Boston Rubber Shoe Co., who for a number of years past has resided in Swit- zerland, is making one of his periodical visits to the United States. = Mr. Isaac B. Markey, secretary of the Eureka Fire Hose Co. (New York), whose illness was reported in the last India Rubber World, has since recovered sufficiently to allow him to return to his office. — Mr. James Bennett Forsyth, of the Boston Belting Co., has had printed a strong argument for more liberal treatment by the government of the merchant marine, in a little pamph- let bearing on its cover a picture of the United States flag, with the inscription : " The flag that is about to become extinct upon the ocean highways of the world." The contents are made of pointed paragraphs of which this is a specimen : The delegates to the Pan American Congress in this country had to travel by way of Europe to reach America, and we are thousands of miles nearer in a direct line. Of what use is a Pan American Congress without ships? = It is reported that the executors of the estate of the late Elisha S. Converse have discovered personal property to the amount of Si. 500.000. the existence of -which was not before suspected by them. It does not appear that the property was concealed in any way, but the executors learned of it only by going over the details of the estate. = Mr. Harold P. Fuller, of Boston, one of most popular of the young men in the employ of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Co., has given up railroading to enter the rubber business, having accepted a position as salesman for the products of the E. H. Clapp Rubber Co. A VISITOR FROM SILVERTOWN. Mr. Robert Kaye Gray, managing director of the India- Rubber, Gutta Percha, and Telegraphs Works Co., Limited (Silvertown, London), was in attendance last month at the In- ternational Electrical Congress, at St. Louis, as one of the del- egates from The Institution of Electrical Engineers of Great Britain, of which distinguished body he is the president. Mr. Gray has been closely identified "-CS^ .^S ■ * ^''^ "-^^ submarine telegraph from the days when it passed "^ from the stage, of experiment to ^ that of commercial and engineer- ing development. His father, .J Mr. Matthew Gray (1821-1903). was long the managing director of the great Silvertown cable works, and it was here that the son received a thorough training ROBERT KAYE GRAY. in everything relating to sub- marine telegraphy, and became identified with the engineering side of the art. He was a pupil of Sir Charles Bright, with whom he went out in 1870 to lay the first West Indies cable. At this time, in addition to the office which he fills in the Sil- vertown company, Mr. Gray is chairman of the Spanish National Submarine Cable Co. and a director in several other companies owning and operating submarine cables. He has been presi- dent of the Electrical Engineers since March, 1903. The por- trait presented herewith is used by the courtesy of the Electri- cal World and Engineer, of New York. October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD 27 NEW TRADE PUBLICATIONS. THE Merchants Rubber Co., Limited (Berlin, Ontario), a new company, have issued their first catalogue and price list of Rubber Boots and Shoes, comprising an extensive line, which is satisfactorily illustrated and described. Prices are given, [jji' x 5%'- 64 pages.J The Diamond Rubber Co. (Akron Ohio), issue a booklet of tasteful appearance, entitled "My Sentiments," being "a few pointed remarks " regarding their " Indian Red " and " Sil- ver Leaf " brands of Steam Packing, emphasizing the durabil- ity of the same. [3}i'x6'. 12 pages.] Also 4- page circu- lars each on Pump Valves and Mats and Matting. The B. V. Goodrich Co. (Akron, Ohio) issue a strikingly novel brochure, described on the cover as a "Primer," being " A rhyme book on y« letters of y Alphabet, containing also cer- tain short Truths." The literary style is a modification of that of the "New England Primer" of the seventeenth century, while the illustrations are fully 213 years in advance of the art of that old classic. On the first page, under a suitable picture, we learn : A is for Ape — A dissatisfied monk ; If he roile Palmtr Tins Ile'd have much more spunk. And on every succeeding page is a similar combination of wit, wisdom — and tire truths. [6" x loV'- 26 pages.J Fabric Fire Hose Co. (New York) issue a brochure entitled " Fire Engineers' Hand Book," including an account of fire hose weaving, the details of the wax and gum treatment to which this company's hose is subjected, tables of work done by and power required for fire streams and other like statistics, and useful hints on " First aid to the injured " in fire fighting forces. [7" X 6". 46 pages.] Jenkins Brothers (New York) issue a booklet, "Valve Troubles and How to Avoid Them," which seems likely to prove of much value to engineers and steam users. First are summarized the difficulties most commonly encountered in the installation and use of valves, with suggestions for their rem- edy. The remaining pages are devoted to descriptions of the Jenkins valves, now in such wide use that it is asserted that there are comparatively few steam plants in the United States where one or another of the various types is not to be found. \y/z' X 6^'s". 24 pages.] ALSO RECEIVED. Mason Regulator Co., Boston=Price List of Mason Reducing Valve Parts. July 15, iq04. 8 pages. Keasbey & Mattison Co.. Ambler, Penn- sylvania^Notes on Asbestos Packings and Gaskets. 36 pages. A. G. Spalding & Brothers, New York. = Catalogue of Fall and Winter Sports. [With illustrations of a number of articles comprising rubber.] 96 pages. A. E. Gallien, No. 12 West Thirty third street. New York. ^Samson Leather Tire. 12 pages. Chicago Fire Hose Co., Chicago:=Fire Hose and Apparatus. [The company mar- ket the fire hose product of the Cleveland works of the Mechanical Rubber Co. [24 pages. Fibre Cushion Horse Shoe Co., Inc., New York. — [Prospectus of company.] 16 pages. Linen Hose in Theaters. — The board of fire commission- ers of Newark, New Jersey, have ordered that rubber lined hose be used in all theaters in that city, instead of linen hose, as heretofore. Much complaint has resulted, it being contended that linen hose meets every necessary requirement ; that it is lighter in weight, and therefore more easily handled in case of a fire ; that it can be stored in less space than rubber lined hose, and requires less care to keep it in good condition ; and that rubber lined hose is more apt to deteriorate, in the warm temperature to which hose is exposed in theaters. The chief of the fire department of New York city, when called upon for an expression, wrote : "A large portion of the hose connected to standpipes in this city Is linen hose, capable of standing a pressure of 300 pounds to the square inch, and which meets the requirements of this department." The Newark board, however, refused to rescind its order. F^ 2/ 6i^@2/ 6i^ i/ii>^@2/ o'X Bolivian 5/ ©5/ i'yi 4/ 2K@4/ S'A 3/ 0,1^(0)3/ 3 Caucho ball 3/5 ©3/6 3/ o Jit @ 3/ 3 2/4 @2/ 5^ Do slab 2/iot^@2/u 2/ 7 @2/ 71^ 1/111^(82/ I Septemukr 16. — The market for Para sorts for a week past has been weak and declining, with a firmer tendency at the close. Business has been on a small scale, including fine hard Para, Spot and September delivery, at 4J'. qJ @ 4s. ic500 Lionel Hagenaers & Co.. 7,700 2.200 Edmund Reeks & Co 3.500 3.500 700= 112,000 94,500 31,400 10.500 9,900 7,000 Total 287,200 43,200 184,700 700= 515,800 September 24. — By the steamer Hubert, from Manaos and Para: A. T. Morse & Co ii2,Soo New York CommercialCo. 59,900 Poel & Arnold 78,800 General Rubber Co 49,000 Robinson & Tallman.... 21.500 Lionel Ilagenaers & Co.. 16,000 Uagemeyer & Brunn 13,300 G. Amsinck & Co 7.900 16,800 109,900 300= 239,800 20,000 84,700 1,800= 166,400 16,800 37,400 7.500= 140,500 11,300 9.700 =: 70,000 4,700 2,900 = 29,100 4,700 3,600 = 24,300 2,400 3,700 = 19,400 .... 3,500 = 11,400 Total 359,200 76,700 255,400 9,600= 700,900 [ Note.— The steamer Dunstan^ from Pari, is due at New York on October 4. vith 310 tons Rubber.] PARA RUBBHR via EUROPE. rouNDS. Aoo. 29.— By the t/'m6ria= Liverpool: New York Commercial Co. (Fine) . 39.(100 A. T. Morse & Co. tCoarsf) 4,600 43,500 Aii;. 29.— By tlie itrnonidnri^Antwerp: New York Commerci&i Co. (Fine). . 4,5,000 SF.rr. 1.— By tUe i}ii!(ic=Llverpool: A. T. Morse* Co. (Fine) 11,500 Bki'T. 3.--By the t,'ampaju'n= Liverpool: Geortje A. Alden & Co. (Fini-) 88,000 SKrr. 6.— Ry the Zee/(iiid= Antwerp: New Xork Coniiiierclal Co. (Fine)... . 23.000 Sept. 12.— By the i;()uria = Liverpool: New York Commercial Co. (Fine).... 22,500 A. T. Morse* Co. (Coarse) 1,500 Wallace L. Cough (Coarse) :3,500 27,500 Ski'T. 21.— By the Tddej iand=Antwerp : Poel & Arnold (Fine) 2i,600 l'oel& Arnold (Coarse) 3,000 25,5C0 OTHER ARRIVALS IN NEW YORK CENTRALS. POUNDS Aug. 26.— By the Ei Dla^New Orleans: A.T. Morse & Co 7,000 A. N. Kotholz 2.000 Manhattan Rubber Mtg. Co 2,300 11,300 Auo. 29,— By the rii;iianc(a=Mexico: K, Stfiger&Co 2.600 II. M:ir(iuardt &C0 2,500 HarljurgerA Stack 2,000 American Trading Co 2.600 Samuels «ic'ummlng3 300 9,800 Aug. 31.— By the Seoura»<:a=CoIon: HIrzel.Feltman &Co 16.600 C. Amsluck & Co 11,400 .1. A. Mtvllna&Co 7,4U0 Harbiimei Si Stack 3.600 lia;ic l',r;iiidoc& Bros 1.600 Meyer Hecht 1.100 Eggers& Heluleln I.OUO W.Loalza&Co 600 43.100 Sept. 2.— By,the r«i(o''c(lo=Bahla: J. H. Rossbach & Bros 17.000 HIrsch & Kaiser ... 16,001 33,000 Sept. 2.— By El Ctd=New Orleans: Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co 9.000 A.T.MorseACo 1.000 10.000 Sept. 6 —By theSif)iria=Carthagena. etc. : Banco de Exportosas. 2.200 Najeeb, MulUkCo 2,000 Isaac Kulile& Co 2,000 Louis Wollt 1,000 Mecke & Co BOO Isaac Brandon & Bros "00 8.400 Sept. 7.— By the .Aifi(t»ica=Colon: lllrzel. Feltman & Co.. 16.200 Harburger & Stack 1 .900 American Trading Co l.fiOO Meyer Uecht.. 1.600 A. KosenthalsSons 1,600 Mecke&Co 100 Eggers & Heinleln . 700 CENTRALS-Coniinnea. G. Amsinck & Co 700 Smlthers, Nordeuholt &Co 60O Jimlnez & Escobar 400 J. A. Medlna&Co 400 20,300 Sept. 10.— By the Jlfonterei/=Mexlco: Harburger & Stack 2,000 E. N. TlbbalsSi Co 200 CraliHUi. Ilinklev & Co 20O American Trading Co 300 H. W. Peabody.'iCo 600 3,200 Sept. 12.— By the Ofrmo7iic=LIyerpool: J. H. RoBsbach & Bros 25,000 Sept. 12.— By the Cednc= Liverpool: J. H. Rossbach £ Bros 25,000 Lawrence Johnson & Co 6.000 30,000 Sept. 12.— By the i'ro(ei(«=Ncw Orleans: A. T. Morse & Co 2,Si.O G. Amsinck it Co 500 3,000 Sept. 13.— By the Ceinc=Llverpool: J. H. Rossbach & Bros 22,000 Lawrence Johnson & Co 7,000 29.000 Sept. 14.— By the FinanccsCoIon: Hlrzel Fellman&Co IS.'.OO Geo. A. Alden &Co ; 6,800 A.Santos&Co 6,100 G. Amsinck & Co 6,500 Lawrence Johnson & Co 2,100 Harbuiger SiSUck 2,200 Isaac Brandon & Bros 1,000 J. A.Medina&Co 1.400 A.M.Capen Sons 900 Dumarest Bros. &Co 900 Smithers, NordenhoIt&Co 600 E. B. Strout 500 Meyer & Hecht 600 Lanman & Kemp 400 Neuss Ilesslein & Co 300 Sllva. Busseniusit Co 400 Kuiihardl&Co 200 49,300 Sept. 14.— By the Cameou«=Bahia: J. H. Rossb.iCh& Bros 31,500 Sept. 16.— By EX iVVjr(e=New Orleans: G. Amslnck&Co 3.000 A. T. Morse *Co .. . 2.!>00 Manhattan Rubber Mfg Co 1.000 6,600 Sept, 15.— By the .A«ranta=Llverpool: Geo A.AldenaCo 3,500 Sept. 17.— By the E«peranza=Mexico: II. Marquardt&Co 2.000 E.Stelger&Co 1,000 Harburger & Stack 700 L. N. Cheraedlli. &C0 500 Graham, Uinkley& Co 500 4,70o Sept. 20.— By the 4duancc=Colon : Lawrence Johnson & Co 11,200 Hirzel Feltman & Co 8.200 E. li. Strout 3,000 Isaac Brandon & Bros 1.400 A. Rosenthal & Sons 1,100 Cadenas&Coe 1,000 Suzarte& Whitney 300 H Martiuardt&Co - 100 26,300 Sept, 20,— By the Sarnla=C8rlhageDa: Najeeb.MullakCo 3,000 Isaac Brandon Si Bros 2,100 D. A. De Lima* Co .. 1,500 CENTBALa—CoMinued. Lawrence ,Tohnson& Co 1,000 Graham, Hliikley & Co l.ooo (>. Amsinck & I 'o 800 Isaac Kubie & Co 6C0 KunharilC A Co 500 C. Wessels & Co 400 10,800 Sept, 21.— By the 7'cnni/8on=Pernambuco: A. D. Hitch & Co 7,000 Lawrence Johnson & Co 2,000 9,000 AFRICANS. POUNDS. Ann, 25.— By the Z'«uto)iic=Llverpool: Poel & Arnold 44,000 Earle Brothers 2,000 46,000 Aug. 25.- By the Qraf TFald«-sc(!=IIamburg. A.T. Morse* Co 27,000 George A. Alden &Co 11.000 Poel .ft Arnold 4,000 42,000 Aug 29.— By the I7mi)ria=Liverpool: A.T. Morse & Co 20,000 Aug. 29.— By the C6Utc=Llverpool: Poel & Arnold 34.000 Henry A. Gould Co 4,000 38,000 Aug 29.— By the irroon(and= Antwerp : PoeliArnoId .. 125,000 A. T. Morse & Co 90.000 Robinson & Tallman 18,000 Joseph Cantor 15.000 Winter &SmIlllo 15,000 263,000 Aug. 29,— By the jBottcrdom= Rotterdam: Poel& Arnold 11,000 Sept. 3.— By the CampaniasLiverpool: George A. Alden & Co 22.500 A.T.Morse • 11.500 PoelA Arnold .5.000 Rubber Trading Co 3,000 42,000 Sept. 6,— By the Zeeland^Antwerp: George A. Aldon & Co. .. 138,000 Sept. 0— By the r(c(ort Singapore : Pierre T. Belts 19.000 D. P. C'rulkshank 2,B00 21,500 Sei'T IJ.— By the Oermr 3,600 BALATA. Aug. 2G.— By tbe £(ruria=Demerara : George A. Alden & Co 6.500 Acg. 29.— By the .1/innehaho=London: Earle Brothers 2.600 Sept. G.— By the Gr ^-^->g^ , 109 BcacKSt., BO STON,MASS. ..r^ Double and Single End Spreaders , Doubling Machines, Churns etc. WriJe for Catalogue and Prices MenXxoa The India Rubber World when you write William R. Thropp, Manufacturer of Rubber Washers, Grinders and Refiners Automatic Jar Ring Lathes. Hydraulic Steam Presses, Vulcanizers. Moulds and Special Machinery. Bicycle Tire Moulds a Specialty, TRENTON, N. J., U. S. A. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. Embossing Calenders For Artificial Leather, Table Oil Cloth, and Carriage Covers. Drying MacPiines with Copper Cylinders for Cotton Duck, Drills and Sheeting. The Textile-Finishing Machinery Co., PROVIDENCE R I. Southern Agent, STUART W. CRAHER, Trust Bldg , Charlotte, N C. Equitable Bldg.. Atlanta, Ga. Mention The India Rubber World when you tvrite. OUR SPECIALTY FOR OVER HALF A CENTURY. CALENDER ROLL ENQRAVINQ. FOR WATER BOTTLES, SVRINQE BAGS, ETC. BOOT AND SHOE SOLINQ AND UPPER ROLLS. Special Designs Furnished or Perfected. Cutting Dies, Holds, Hand Rollers, Stitchers, Etc., Etc. THE HOQQSON & PETTIS HFO. CO , New Haven, Conn. Handwork is costly and inaccurate. Anything that the hands can do can be done by Machinery. No Problem is too Difficult for us. Do you want a Machine for any Purpose in Rubber Work? Write to us and we will Produce it WELLPH SOLE GDTTINB IQIIGHIIIE 60., MEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS. A. M. Stickney, President. Edward Brooks, Treasurer. Mention 7%e India Rubber World when you write. Steam Press ♦ FOR ♦ MECHANICAL GOODS. HYDRAULIC OR . . KNUCKLE JOINT. WRITE FOR PRICES. BOOHIEB I BOSCfiEBT PBESS CO., 336 West Water Street, SYRACUSE, N. Y. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD XXV ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED 1850. Birmingham Iron Foundry, DERBY, CONN., U. S. A. Oldest and Largest Makers of RUBBER MILL MACHINERY in the United States. FOUR ROLL CALENDER. MILLS RUBBER MILL MACHINERY. Two and Three Roll Washers — Grinders, Warmers and Mixers, all sizes up to 26"x84" — Sheeters and Refiners — Crackers with Chilled Cut Rolls — Experimental mill for laboratory use, etc , etc. Two, Three and Four Roll Calenders — Pearce Patent Six Roll Double Friction Calender— CALENDERS SoUng and Upper Calenders with Engraved Rolls — Embossing Calenders for Carriage Cloth — Double Sheet Calenders — Special Calenders of all kinds. Hydraulic Presses for Belting — Clark's Patent Hydraulic Belt Stretchers — Screw Presses of all kinds — Multiple Hydraulic Presses for Mould Work — Accumulators and Pumps. Df^W/PD TD A IMCIVlICdr^lVI Shafting; Pattern, Hachine Houlded and Cut Gearing; Self-Oiling and rUWcK 1 KAi>OlYlloolUl> standard Pillow Blocks; Friction Clutches, etc. Complete Rubber Reclaiming Plants — Belt Making Machines — Bias Cutting SPECIAL MACHINERY Machines— Automatic Jar Ring Lathes— Roller Bearing Heater Cars- Transfer Cars — Turn Tables — Cloth Dryers — Duck Slitters Cording Ma- chines — Band Cutting riachines— Spreaders — Varnishing flachines — Doubling Drums — Complete Hose Hak- ing Plants, etc. Meniion The India Rubber World when you write. PRESSES ZZVI THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. '^SPECIAL" for the Rubber Trade. The New Jersey Zinc Company, 7 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. Mention 7^e India Rubber World when you turiie. The Newest and Most Valuable ADDITIONS TO l^ubber Manufacturers' Supplies ARE OUR BRIGHT CRIMSON, ORANGE and YELLOW SUBSTITUTES. Color Permanent. Free from Acid. Reasonable in Price OUR STAPLE PRODUCTS ARE Antimony, Golden and Crimson, Sulphuret, Blacl< Hypo, Chloride Sulphur, Rubber Substitutes, tBIack and White.) SHELLAC. BUTTON-LAC. SCHEEL-LAC GUMS. Colors, (Special.) SILICEOUS EARTH. TRIPOLITE EARTH. LIME. WAXES- Beeswax, Carnauba Wax, Ceresine, Japan Wax, Ozolbilabclpbia IRubber TKHorks IReclaimet) IRubber Hbbilabclpbia in. s. H. jforcion IRcpvcscntativcs : 3For Orcat 3Brfta(n ffor tbc Contfncnt Iknbn c^ Co., lb. ip. nDoorbousc, 'M, %omii!\ti> Street, XonC>on. E. (I. 20, iRuc ?C3 pct(tC6=EcuriC6, pans. Mention Tlie India HuHbcr Uorla unen yuu u/nle. October i, 1904. J THE INOIA RUBBER WORLD XXIX BUY THE BEST Apsley Characteristics : QUALITY STYLE FIT No other goods on the market Always in the lead. Made on A most important feature. \Ve equal APSLEY. up-to-date Lasts. fit the prevailing styles. APSLEY ADJUSTABLE INVINCIBLE RUBBERS Many persons do not wisli to wear ordinary rubber shoes, for the reason that they heat and draw the feet. At the sanie titiie they are averse to wet feet. Manj' such have worn heavy soles, so called waterproof leather, etc. But what they have needed is exactly what is shown in the above illustration — something that protects the sole frotn the wet, that is so shaped in the shank as to exclude water, snow, and mud, and that does not cover the shoe upper. Rubbers of this kind may be extra tight around the sole and yet be comfortable, for the reason that any extra pressure there affects only the solid leather and in no way compresses or covers the foot. By the use of the adjustable buckle and the different widths it is possible to fit any le.ither shoe. Til (5 APvSLEY RUBBER CO. HUDSON. MASS. Boston Office = No. 183 ESSEX STREET Mention The India Rubber World when you write zzz THE INDIA RUBBER ^A/'ORLD [October i, 1904. ESTABLISHED 1855. Geo. A. Alden & Co., IMPORTERS OF India Rubber and Qutta Percha, 60 CHAUNCY STREET, BOSTON. Mention The India Iliibbrr World when yon ivrite. .Z^ . TTT". ^ IS "Cr 2:T 3^ , INDIA RUBBER BROKER, kcprestrntative of Lonilun and LUerpool Importers. Specialties: Africans, Borneos, and Pontianak. 2 and 4 STONE STREET, NEW YORK. Mention The India Rubber World when yon I'Tite. HIRSCH & KAISER, Inc. Importers and Dealers in Brazil Manicoba and Sheet Rubber of all descriptions. BRIDGE ARCH 17, Frankfort St., NEW YORK. TELEPHONE 3198 JOHN. CABLE ADDRESS '' HIRSKAISCO. " ESTABLISHED 1890, CABLE address: BERSANDO, PHILA. I A B. C. CODES LIEBERS I PRIVATE E. BERS & CO., MISSION MERCH SCRAP RUBBER, Commission merchants and dealers in NEW YORK HOUSE, 10'- DESBROSSES ST foreign AND DOMESTIC CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 22 AND 24 So. DELAWARE AVE., PHILA. Afenfion the India Rubber World wtten you unU. WM. H. CUMMINGS « SONS BUY AND SELL RUBBER WASTE. Cable Addrefls, UNITMOSQCE. P. O. Box 732. 54-56 Harrison Street, New York, U. S. A. Mention Tlie India Rubber M'orld when you write. THEODORE HOFELLER & CO., Nos. 98-100-102-104-106=108 TERRACE, BUFFALO, N. Y., U. S. A. FOREIGN AND DOHRSTIC CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. Cable Address, HOFELLER, BUFFALO. A. B. C. and Liebers Codes Used. LARGEST DEALERS IN OLD RUBBER IN THE WORLD. vtentinn the India Huhhrjr World whcii vm wrirr. SALOMON BROS. ^ CO., 99 NASSAU STREET, - - NEW YORK. All kinds of RUBBER SCRAP, Boots and Shoes, Solid and Pneumatic Tirei, Air Brake Hose, Buffers, Heavy Rubber. Mention The India Rubber World when you, urrite, S. BIRKENSTEIN & SONS BUY AND SELL All kinds of RUBBER SCRAP 48-50-52 Michigan St., CHICAGO Mcnlion Tlie India Rubber World when i:ou turite Scrap Rubber AND SECOND HAND RUBBER MACHINERY BOUGHT AND SOLD BY W. C. COLEMAN CO., SETAUKET Long Island NEW YORK. PKILIP McCRORY, TRENTON, N. J. Wholesale Dealer In SCRAP RUBBER. THE HIGHEST CASH PRICE PAID FOR NEW AND OLD, CURED AND UNCUREO SCRAP RUBBER OF ALL KINDS. S*cond-Hand Rubber Mill Machinery Bought and Sold. Mention The India Rubber World when you tarite. Established 1886 Incoki'orated 1003 J. A. Wilson, Pres't P. A. Wilson, Sec'y & Treas. HOUSATONIC RUBBER WORKS Reclaimers of Rubber Scrap Uncured Boot and Shoe a Specialty BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Mention Tlie India Rubber World when you write. Bound Yearly Volumes of ^e India Rubber World For Sale at This Office PRICi: $5 EACH, PREPAID. OCTOUER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD ZZXI THEO. S. BASSETT, President. MAX I.OEWENTHAL, Treasurer. R. A. LOEWENTHAL, Vice President. WALTER T. ROSEN, SecreUry. i. S. RU6I1EII RECLAIiliG WORKS. Manufacturers of RECLAIMED RUBBER. Offices: No. 12r DUANE STREET, NEW YORK. ^. tr m ,aiti^^\:' '' \ . , m » a g K im § r 3. II 5 l\ LLLiff ?iJ '«*c . ^ ^<^:i-' 'fi. ■tL %fat FACTORY AT BUFFALO, N. Y. FACTORY No. I, SHELTi)N, CONN. FACTORY No. 2, SHELTON, CONN. NEW ENGLAND REPRESENTATIVE OTTO MEYER, No. 161 Summer Street, Boston. FOREKiN REPRESENTATIVES: WM. SOMERVILLE'S SONS, 3, Cooper's Row, Liverpool, England, Great Britain and the Continent of Europe. G. BRICE, 92, Rue de la Victoire, Paris, France, Seul Agent Dcpositaire. France and Belgium. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. XXXII THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. Largest Dealer in Russia Old Russian Rubber Boots i0^ Shoes M. J. WOLPERT ODESSA, Russia Hydraulic Steam Presses All sizes and styles. Molds of every description, nothing too small, nothing too large or complicated. Castings for iron work of every description. Let us figure with you. A.Adamson Akron, 0. Mention llxe India Rnnber ttvi-ld when you ivrite. SYRINGE BOXES OF WHITE WOOD, BASS, OAK, ASH, &c FINE WORK-. LOW PRICES PROMPT SHIPMENT. Estimatei and Samples Furnished on Application. ALSO ANY OTHER KIND OF FANCY WOOD BOXES MADE TO ORDEH Extensive Facilities enable us to Guarantee Satisfaction. Henry H. Sheip Mfg. Co. CUARK'S ReliableTubing Machine FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RUBBER TUBING AND CORD, And also the Covering of Electrical and Telephone Cables. 1702-10 EANDOLPH ST., PHILADELPHIA. PA. Mention The India Rubber World when you write- MANUFACTURED IN 4 SIZES BY EDRED W. CLARK, MACHINIST, Rubber Moulds and Rubber Machinery, Screw and Hydraulic Presses a Specialty No. 31 WELLS STREET, HARTFORD, CONN. Mention The India Rubbei World when i/uu write. " 'Best Informed and Most c^uthoritati've." yVnoM " La Jlnta Pi. vnthr." Chicago.] Tins Issue of the /"/uw/^r contains a nuir.ber of articles taken from The India Riibber World, now in its fifteenth year, and recognized by every one interested in rubber in any way, as the leading publication in this trade. The information given to its readers can be absolutely relied upon. Its Editor has a skilled and practical knowledge of the manufacturing side of the business, and in recent years has, at his own expense, covered a large portion of the world, so that he might be able to give his readers facts in regard to the production of the raw material on cultivated estates. We have no interest in The India Rubber World, except as the best informed and most authoritative journal of that trade published in ;his country, but it would be well worth the while of our investors to become its regular readers. October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER "WORLD ZXXIII Small H6v>eitieement department SITUATIONS WANTED. roRKMAN. — Position wanted as I'orenian in Calender and Mill Room in Mechanical Rubber factory, capable of handling lielp to (^ood advantage ; have had over 20 years' experience at same ; i[ualified to take charge or start a small factory ; can furnish best of references. Address C. II. A., care of The India Rihher World. [*^37] l'"< IRKM.VN. — Position wanted as Foreman of Mill Room in factory; best of references. Address C. H. F. , care of The India Rihuek Wori d. [^] FDREMAN. — Position wanted as Foreman of Calender or Mill Room, preferably in a Shoe factory, by a capable man of over 20 years' experience ; can run the stock, compound, and vulcanize same. Address S. I.. 1., care of TuK India Ruihier \Voi- mentioned is in the best jjossible condition and almost as good as new. It was taken from factories that went out of business and was not removed because it was thought to be worn out. I bought this machinery practically at scrap iron pnces, and will sell it at a little above scrap iron prices. This machinery lies in my storehouse and yard in Trenton. Favor me with a call. PHILIP McGRORY, Trenton, New Jersey. HERBERT S. MILL ARCH ITECT RUBBER FACTORY 101 TREMONT STREET, KIMBALL, and ENGINEER ENGINEERING. BOSTON, MASS. Perused luith Great Interest. To THE Editor of The India Rubber World : - - - I take this opportunity of expressing our high opinion of your Journal, which \(e peruse with great interest on its arrival here monthly. Y'ours faithfully, r. b. black. [MaDaging Director, The Rubber Co. of Scotland, Limited.] Forthvale Works, Stilling, August 17. 1904. Good Business for August. The Publishers feel no little pleasure in mentioning that the number of unsolicited new subscription orders for The India Rubber World during August exceeded the number recorded in any previous month, although this is one of the proverbially "dull" months of the year. This would indicate that the dullness has not extended to the rubber in- dustry. "Crude Rubber and Compounding Ingredients," The manager of an important rubber factory says : " I use this book almost every day in my factory, and frequently many times a day. It is the best book, in a practical sense, that the rubber trade possesses," XXXIV THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. GUM CORE PACKING Made witb ronnd or oval core 1904 Confidence in one's abilities is half the work done N. B. O. is worthy your confidence The Best Packing made by anyone any where FLAX PACKING 4 Grades : PERFECTION SECURITY RECORD TERROR SELF LUBRICATING SEMI-ME- TALLIC PISTON PACKING 4 Grades: ROTAL IT'S GOOD IHDEPEHDEBCE CHALLENGE O I M Made for Steam nse— made for Hydraulic use N, B. O. SHEET PACKING will not harden under any degree of heat MANUFACTURED BY E HOME RUBBER CO., trenton, n. j. w 80 & 82 Reade St., NEW YORK CITY 83 Lake St., CHICAGO Made for high pressure Made for low pressure MAKE $1500 A YEAR WITHOUT SPECULATING FIVE ACRES of the Ystilja rubber plan- tation will produce a net income of $1500.00 or more per year. Shares can be purchased for cash in advance, or on small monthly pay- ments. The dividends earned while paying for your shares will almost equal their cost, and liberal provisions are made for those who cannot keep up the small monthly payments. Rubber trees grow very rapidly and profits from them quickly accumulate into fortunes. Write for our latest book about the plantation, reports of inspectors, etc., full data regarding the grow- ing of rubber, and the cost and profit of shares. PBODDGTI 920 PARROTT BLDG. SAN FRANCISCO, - - CAL. M.iilion The Indiii Ruhtci II'o)l,l when y.iii :c>:le. October i, 1904. J THE INDIA RUBBER \VORLD zzzv Price SIO. PREPAID. Letter from the Chemist of a Leading l^ubber Works TO THE AUTHOR OP " Crude l^ubbcr and Compounding Ingredients." Mr. IIknry C. Pearson, Rditor Thk Iniha Rlhukr World, 'New York- Dear Mr. Pearson: In my capacity as Chemist for the Rubber Manufacturing Co , I have occasion at difFercul timts to use your book " Crude Rubber and Com- pounding Ingredients," as a reference, and I find that the information it contains is taken from actual experience with larije rubber manufacturers, which information is more valuable than it is pos- sible to get in laboratory experiments. I keep your book at hand for such reference. Very sincerely yours, August 23, 1904. Chemist. THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO.. No. 150 Nassau Street, .... New York. LA FLORENCIA PLANTATION HAvS EARNED DIVIDENDvS FOR YEARvS. W^e are offering for sale plantation stocK paying 7 per cent, semi-annual interest on casK and installment sHares. INTEREST IS GUARANTEED 40 per cent, of our property is no-w under cultivation. W^rite for literature and particulars to tHe Badger Mexican Plantation Company, FourtK Floor Robinson Building Dept. 'S' RACINE, WIS. On July 1, 1904', a 9 per cent, dividend -was declared and paid on all outstanding' stocK. Mention llie India Riihher World iv/tcn ynu v:ril'\ XXJlVI THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. BOSTON. HOSE CHICAGO. J. H. LANE & CO., no WORTH ST., NEW YORK. PHrtADELPHlA. LONDON. „„-.-.-. PAPER FELTS BELT niJP|/Q OUNCE GOODS SAIL WIDE ARMY DUCK OSNABURGS AUTOMOBILE AND BICYCLE TIRE FABRICS SHEETINGS AND DRILLS. SEA ISLAND, EGYPTIAN, AND PEELER YARNS, AND FABRICS IN REGULAR AND SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. Vacuum Drying Apparatus FOR Sheet and Reclaimed Rubber EMIL PASSBURQ SYSTEM The Passburg (Patent) "VACUUM DRYING APPARATUS " is no experiment. They are installed in all of the principal rubber manufactories of Europe. 200 chambers in daily operation drying rubber and rubber compounds. Particulars upon application. JOSEPH P. DEVINE, 314 Mooney-Brisbane Bld£^. BUFFALO, N. Y. SOLE MANUFACTURING RIGHTS FOR AMERICA 4 t WHEN THE Sturtevant System IS EMPLOYED FOR DRYING RUBBER THE FORCED CIRCULATION OF WARM AIR REDlCEfS THE TIME BY 50%, IM- PROVESTHE PRODUCT ANUSIMPLIFIES THE PROCESS. The same system, giving thorough ventilation, is used for heating factory buildings, offices, etc. B. F. STURTEVANT COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. New YoRf . Chicago. Philadelphia. London. Mention TTie India Rubber World when you write. NEW JERSEY RUBBER COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF RECLAIMED • RUBBER, Auxiliary Plant for Trimmings, daily Capacity of 20,000 Pounds. Total daily Capacity 45,000 Pounds.^ ■ ""ff I - r and Factories, LAMBERTVILLE, NEW JERSEY. Mention The India Rubber World when you wriie. BONNER MANUFACTURING CO., RUBBER SUBSTITUTES. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL GRADES GOODS MADE TO ORDER A SPECIALTY. office: No. 89 State Street, - - _ Mention The India Utibber World when you write. BOSTON, MASS. OcTonER I, 1 904. J THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD ZZXVH BUYERS' DIRECTORY OF THE RUBBER TRADE. CLASSIFIED LIST OF MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN INDIA-RUBBER COOPS AND RUBBER MANUFAC- TURERS' SUPPLIES. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS. NAME. PAUB. Adamson, A xxxii AKroii Commercial Uo xxvi Akron Kubher Works xix Aldeii «il'o.,(it'0. A 11, XXX American Hard ItiiliberCo xv American Tool «i Machine Co.... xxiv Appleton & Sou, K. 11 11 Apslev Kalibe Co XXIX Atlas Chemical (Jo xxi B;iil(;er Mexican I'lantallon Cc.xxxv Bailey «HJo.,i;. .1 xiv Barber Asphalt I'avini! Co xil Barrett Mfti.Co xxvii Battelle& Keiiwlck xxvii Bers&Co xxx B«r.sti>rtf, 11 xxiii HlrKensleiu & Sons, S xxx Birmlufiliam Iron Foundry xxv BlooinliigilaleSoltltubber Wks. xi Bonner MfK. I'o xxxvi Boomer* Hoscliert Press Co xxiv Borgtpldl & Co.. Geo XV Boston BelHiig (Jo ..HI Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co v Briinn, A. W xxx Oabot , Sam uel i Cantor, .loseph xxvii Chicago Kubber Wks Clark, Edred W xxxii Cleveland Kiibber Wks XX Coleman Co , W. C i. xxx Conservative Itubber I'roducllon Co. XXXIV Continental Caoutchouc & (Jutta PerchaCo 11 Cravenette Co., Ltd 1 Cummlngs & Sons, Wm. H xxx Davidson RubberCo xv DavolltubberCo xiv Devlne, Joseph P xxxvi Kgestorft's ((ieorg) Salzwerke xx vi 1 Kmplre ItuhberMfR. Co IV Empire Palm OH Co xxvii KurekaKire Hose Co iv Eureka Rubber MI'b. Co xii Kimball, Herberts xxxiiil Salomon Bros &Co xxx Kokonio Rubber Co viii. Sawyer Belting Co viii I Scheel. Win. H xxvi I Shelp Mfg. Co., Henry H xzxii Spealt-'ht.Oeo. W i Stani ford Kiibher Supply Co XX VI I Lacrosse Rubber Mills Co xxii Lake Shore Rubber Co viii Laue&Co Liverpool Rubber Co., Ltd.. J ]l XXXVI stokes Rubber Co.,, Jos xi Parrel Foundry & Machine Co. ..xvi Faultless RubberCo xiv Fossil FlourCo xxvii UoodrlchCo., B. F XI x (Jranby RubberCo Li Uutta Perclia* Rubber Mfg. Co. .. lu Uutta Percba& Rubber MIg. Co., Toronto i-i Hanover Rubber Co x v Haidmaii Rubber Co xv Harrison, O.H xxvi Hidalgo Plantation & Commer- claK'o xi.ix Hlrsch Si Kaiser, Inc xxx Hodginan ItubberCo vi Hoteliers Co., Theodore xxx Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. Co xxiv Hohinan «i Maurer Mfg. Co x xx v Home Rubber Co xxxiv Hood RubberCo i-ii Housatonlc Rubber Wks xxx (ndia-Rubber Pub. Co xxxv International Cable Directory Co. XXIIl [enklnsBros xxiii "Journal d'AgricultureTroplcale"...L 3turtevautCo..B. F.. ...XXXVI Mcdrory , Ph illp xxx Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co i Mason Regulator Co xxi .\lassa(liiis(it»(JhemicaI Co xxvi .Matlsnn lliiblier Co xv Mechanical I'abrlc Co iv Mechanical RubberCo xx Meyer Rubber Co XVII Miilcilesex Last Co xxxii Mllford Rubber Co xxiii New I'.ngland Butt Co xiii New J ersey Car Spring i Rubber Co X New Jersey Rubber Co xxxvi New Jersey Zinc Co xxvi New York Belting* Packing Co ... xx New York Rubber Co viii Nortli Brltiiih RubberCo., Ltd xi Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co. xvii Pe Gasket Tubing. Jenkins Bros., New York. Grain Drill Tubes. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. Republic Rubber Co., Youngstown, O. Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron, O Hat Bags. Boston Belting Co., Boston. Home Rubber Co. .Trenton, N.J. Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co., New York Mattaon Rubber Co. Mechanical Rubber Co., Chicago. N.J. Car Spring & Kubber Co., Jersey City, N.J. „ , „ >T V New Vork Belting & Packing Co., N. Y. New York Kubber Co.. New York. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Republic Rubber Co., Youugstown,0. Revere Rubber Co., Boston. Horse Shoe Paas. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Plymouth Kubber Co., StougUton, Mass, Revere Kubber Co., Boston-.Sew liork. Voorhees Rubber Mfg. Co., Jersey City Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., Akrou, O. Hose — Armored. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. B. F. Uoodrich Co.. Akron, O. N. J. Car Spring & Kubber Co., Jersey Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Republic Kubber Co., Youngstown, O. Kevere Rubber Co.. Boston-New York, Voorhees Kubber Mfg.Co., Jersey City Hose Couplings. Boston Woven Hose & Kubber Co. Hose Fittings. Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co. Hose Linings. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co, Empire Rubber Mfg. Co., Trenton, N. J Kureka Kubber Mfg. Co., Trenton, N. J. N. J. Car Spring & Rubber Co., Jersey City, N.J. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Hose Nozzles. Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co. Hose — Protected. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. Revere Rubber Co , Boston-New York. Voorhees Rubber Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Hose Racks. Wirt & Knox Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. Hose Reels. Wirt & Knox Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. MECHANICAL GOODS. Hose - Rubber Lined. COTTON AND I.IXEN. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York Boston Woven Hose & Kubber Co. Oleveland Rubber ('o., Cleveland, O, KmpIre Rubber Mfg. Co., Trenton, N. J Bureka Eire Hose ( o.. New Y'ork. Kureka Rubber Mfg. Co. of Trenton. B. E. (ioodrleh Co . Akron, O. (Sutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co., N. Y. Gutta Percha and Kubber Mfg. Co. ol Toronto. Home Rubber Co., Trenton, N, J. Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co.. New York. N. J. ('ar Springs Rubber Co., Jersey City, N. J. New York Belting* Packing Co., N. Y Peerless Kubber Mfg. Co., New York. Republic Rubber Co., Youngstown, O. Revere Kubber Co., Boston. Jos. Stokes Kubber Co., Trenton, N.J. Voorhees Rubber Mfg. Co.,.lersey City Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron. O Hose — Submarine . Boston Belling Co., Boston-New York. B. E. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Republic Kubber Co., Youngstown, O. Hose— Wire Wound. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. Boston Woven Hose & Kunber Co. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. N. J. Car Spring & Rubber Co., Jersey Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Republic Rubber Co., Youngstown, O. Revere Rubber Co., Boston. " Jenkins '96 '' Packing. Jenkins Bros., New York. Lawn Sprinklers. Boston Woven Hose & KubberCo. Mallets (Rubber) . Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. B. E. Ooodrioh Co., Akron, O. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co , New York. Kevere RubberCo,, Boston-New York. Mould Work. \See Mechanical Uubher Goods.l Davidson RubberCo., Boston. Davol Rubber Co., Providence. R. I. Faultless Rubber Co.. Akron. O. Hardman Rubber Co., Belleville. N. J. Hodgnian KubberCo., New York. Lacrosse (Wis.) Rubber Mills Co. Mattson KubberCo.. New York. National India Rubber Co., Bristol, R. I Plymouth RubberCo.. Stoughton, Mass Tyer Rubber Co.. Andover, Mass. "Nubian" Packing. Voorhees Kubber Mfg. Co., Jersey City. Oil Well Supplies. Boston Belting Co.. Boston New York. Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co. B. E. (Joodrich Co., Akron. O. Lake Shore Rubber Co., Erie, Pa. N. J. Car Spring & Rubber Co., Jersey City. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Republic Rubber Co., Youngstown, O. Revere RubberCo., Boston-Pittsburgh Voorhees Kubber Mfg. Co., .lerseyCity Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron, O Paper Machine Rollers. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Republic Kubber Co., Youngstown, O. Kevere Rubber Co., Boston-New York. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Voorhees Rubber Mfg.Co., Jersey City " Perfection " Belting. Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co. Plumbers' Supplies. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O Republic RubberCo., Young.stown, O. Pump Buckets, B. F. Goedrich Co., Akron, O. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Republic RubberCo., Youngstown, 0. Pump Valves. Jeknins Bros., New Y'ork. MECHANICAL GOODS. "Rainbow" Packing. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Reels— Hose. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New Y'ork. Koston Woven Hose .t RubberCo. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. Republic Kubber Co., Youngstown, O. Rings. Boston Belting Co.. Boston-New Y'ork. B. F. Goodricli Co.. Akion, O. Peerless Kubber Mfg. Co., New York. Plvmouih i:uliher Co., Stoughton, Mass, Republic Rubber Co.. Youngstown, O. Rollers- Rubber Covered. Boston Belting Co.. Boston, Oleveland RubberCo., Cleveland, O. Bniplre Kubber Mfg. Co., Trenton, N, J Eureka Rubber Mtg. Co, of Trenton. B E. (ioodrichCo., Akron, O, Home Kubber Co., Trenton, N. J. ManhattanKubber Mfg. Co.. New York Mechanical KiiliberCo,, Chicago. N.J. Car Spring & RubberCo., Jersey City, N. J. New York Belting & Packing Co.N. Y. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co., New Yoik. Plymouth Kubber Co., Stoughton. Mass Republic KubberCo., Youngstown, O. Revere Rubber Co , Boston New York. Sewing Machine Rubbers. B. E. Good] ich Co., Akron, O. Springs— Rubber. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Hardman Kubber Co., Belleville, N. J. Liverpool Rubber Co., Liverpool. Eng. N. J. Car Spring & Kubber Co., Jersey City. Peerless Kubber Mfg. Co., New York. Plvmoutb Rubber Co.; Stoughton, Mass, Republic RubberCo., Youngstown, Ohio. Revere RubberCo.. Boston-New York. VoorLees Rubber Mfg. Co., Jersey City, Stair Treads. Boston Belting Co,. Boston-New York. Boston Woven Hose & RubberCo. Cleveland Kubber Co., Cleveland, O. Empire Rubber Mfg. Co., Trenton, N. J. Home KubberCo., Trenton, N.J. Liverpool Kubber Co , Liverpool, Eng Manhattan Rubber Mtg. Co., New York N.J. Car Spring & RubberCo., Jersey City, N.J. New York Belting & Packing Co., N. Y. New Y'ork Rubber Co., New Y'ork. Peerless Rubber Mfg Co., New Y'ork. Republic RubberCo., Youngstown. O. Revere RubberCo.. Boston-New York. Voorhees Rubber Mtg. Co., Jersey City Thread, Mechanical FabrlcCo, Providence, R I Revere Rubber Co., Boston. Tiling. B. F. Goodrich Co , Akron, O. Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co., N. Y. N. J. Car Spring & Rubber Co.. Jersey City. New York Belting & Packing Co., N. Y. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co , New York. Republic RubberCo., Youngstown, Ohio Voorhees Rubber Mfg. Co.. Jersey City, Tires. BICYCLE AND OARKI.\GE, Continental Caoutchouc & Guttapercha Co., Hanover. Empire Kubber Mfg. Co., Trenton, N, J. B. E.Goodrich Co., Akron. O. Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co., To- ronto. Kokonio RubberCo., Kokomo. Ind. Lake Shore KubberCo., Erie, Pa. Liverpool Rubber Co., Liverpool, Eng North British Rubber Co., Ltd., Edin- burgh. Plymouth Kubber Co , Stoughton, Mass. Republic Rubber Co., Youngstown, O. CABBIAGE. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. Revere Rubber Co., Boston-New York. MECHANICAL GOODS. Truck Bands. Boston Belting Co.. Boston. Cleveland Kubber Co.. Cleveland. O. Empire Rubber Mfg. Co, .Trenton, N. J. B. F. Goodrieh Co., Akron, O. Home Kubber Co., Trenton, N. J. Manhattan Kubber Mfg. Co., New York. Mechanical Kubber Co., ('hicago. N. J. Car Spring & Kubber Co., Jersey City. N.J. New York Belting & Packing Co., N. Y. Peerless Kubber Mfg. Co , New York. Republic Rubber Co., Youngstown, O. Voorhees Rubber Mfg, Co., Jersey City. Whitman & Barnes Mlg. Co., Akron O, Tubing. (See Mechmiical Ruhher Goods ) American Hard Rubber ('o.. New York. Davidson Kubber <.:o,, Boston. Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I. Hardman Kubber Co., Mi'lleville, N. J. Plyiuouib Rubber Co ,Stoughlon, Mass. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover, Mass. Tubing (Beer). Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. Boston Woven Hose & RubberCo. B. F. Goodrich ("o.. Akron, O. Peerless Kubber Mfg. Co., New York. Plymouth Kubber Co .Stougluou. Mass. Republic Rubber Co., Y'oungslown, O. Voorhees Rubber Mfg.Co., Jersey City. " Usudurian " Packing. Revere Rubber Co., Boston-New York. Valve Balls. Boston Belting Co., Boston. Cleveland Kubber Co., Cleveland, O. Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co.. New Vork Mechanical KubberCo., Chicago. New York Belting & Packing Co.. N. Y. New York Kubber Co., New York. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co.. New York. Republic Kubber Co., Y'oungslown, O. Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron, O. Valve Discs. American Hard RubberCo., New York. Boston Belting Co., Boston-New York. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Peerless Rubber Mfg. Co, New York Republic RubberCo., Youngstown, O. Revere Rubber Co., Boston-New York. Valves. [See Mechanical Rubber Goods.] Jenkins Bros., New York-Chicago. Plymouth Rubber Co., Stoughton, Mass. Wringer Rolls. Oleveland Rubber Co.. Cleveland, O. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Republic Rubber Co., Youngstown, O. DRUGGLSTS' AND ST A.TIONERS' SUNDRIES Atomizers. Bandages. Bulbs. Water Bottles. Druggists' Sundries — General. American Hard RubberCo., New York. C. J. Bailey & Co., Boston. Geo Borgfeldt & Co.. New York. Cleveland RubberCo. Cleveland. O. Davidson Kubber Co., Boston. Davol Rubber Co, , Providence. R. I. Faultless Rubber Co., Akron, O. BE. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Hanover Kubber Co., Hanover, Ger- many. Hardman Rubber Co., Belleville, N. J. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. North British Rubber Co., Ltd., Edni- burgh. Tyer RubberCo.. Andover, Mass Balls, Dolls and Toys. Continental Caoutchouc & Guttapercha Co. New York Rubber Co., New York. Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron, O. October i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD xxxix Rubber Buyers' Directory— Continued. DRUUaiSTS' SUNDRIES Combs. American Hard UubherCo., New York Geo. Uors;fpliU «iCo., New York, llauover Uubber Co., H;iiiover, Ge many. Elastic Bands. U:ivli1soii UubberCo., Hostoii. Davol Kublicr Co., I'rovldfuce, It. I. B V (iooilnch Co,. Akron, (). lloilKHiaii Uiibher('o.,Now Vork-l!03toii Tyer ItubberCo., Andover, Mass. VVhltniau * Barues .Mf(,'. Co., Akrou, O. Erasive Rubbers. OavltlsoD Rubber Co., Boston. B, K. (ioodrlcb Co.. Akron. O. Ilanlman KubbeiCo., Belleville, N. J. Mattson UubberCo., New York, Finger Cots. Faultless Rubber Mft;. Co., Akron, O. B. V. (Jooilrlch Co., Akrou, O. Pure Gum Specially Co., Barberton, O. Gloves. Davol Rubber Co., Providence. K. I. Faultless Rubber Co., Akron. O. B. F. (ioodrlcb Co., Akrou, (). Pure Gum Specialty Co., Barberton, O. Hard Rubber Goods. American Hard Rubber Co., New York. Geo. BorKfi-ld! & Co , New York. Uavol Rubber Co., Providence. R. I. Hauover Rubber Co., Hanover, Ger- Hardman Rubber Co., Belleville, N. .1. Stokes Rul)berCo..Joseph.Trenlon, N.J. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover, Mass. Hospital Sheetings. Cleveland Ruldier Co., Cleveland, O. Davidson Kul.l.er ('o , Boston. Davol Kubber Co.. Providence, R. I. Hodttman UubberCo., New York. Plyiuoutb Rubber Co.,Stougliton, Mass, Tyer Rubber (-0., Andover. Mass. Hot Water Bottles. American Hard Rubber Co., New York. Cleveland Ruldjer(;o., Cleveland, O. Davidson Rubber Co.. Boston. Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I. B F. Goodrli-b Co.. Akron, O. Hardman Rubber Co.. Belleville, N. J. HodijnianRubberCo.. New York-Boston Tyer Rubber Co., Andover. Mass. Ice Bags. B. F. C.oodrlcb Co., Akron, O. Hodtiman Rubber Co.. New V ork. Pure Gum Specially Co., Barberton, O. Ice Caps. B. F. Goodrlcb Co., Akron, O. Hardman Rubber Co., Bei;eville, N.J. Pure Gum Specially Co., Barberton, O. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover, Mass. Life Preservers. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. Mittens. Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I. Faultless Rubber Co., Akron, O. Nipples. Cleveland Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. Davidson Rubber Co,, Boston. Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I. Faultless Rubber Co., Akron, O. B. F. Goodricli Co., Akron, O. Pure Gum Specially ('o., Barberton, O Tver Rubber Co., Andover. Mass. Notions. American Hard Rubber Co., New York, Davidson Rubber Co.. Boston. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover, Mass. Rulers. American Hard Rubber Co., New York. Sponges (Rubber). Faultless Rubber Co., Ashland, Ohio. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Stationers' Sundries. American Hard Rubber Co., New York. Geo. Borgteldt & Co., New York. Cleveland Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. Davidson Rubber Co., Boston. Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I. DRUOaiSTS' SUNDRIES. Stationers' Sundries Continaed. B. F. Goodrjcli Co., Akron. O. Hanover Rubber Co., Hanover, Ger- many. Hardman Rubber Co., Belleville, N. J. HodKuian RubberCo.,New Y'ork-Boston. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover, Mass Stopples (Rubber). Cleveland Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. Davol UubberCo., Providence, R. I. Hodnman Rubber Co , New York, Manhattan Rubber MfK Co., New York. New York Belting & Packing Co., N. Y. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover, Mass. Whitman & Barnes MIk.Co., Akron, t) Surgical Appliances. Faultless Rubber Co., Akron, O. Syringes. American Hard Rubber Co., New York. Cleveland UubberCo,, Cleveland, O. Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Hardman Rubber Co.. Belleville, N. J. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. Tyer UubberCo., Andover, Mass. Throat Bags. Cleveland Rubber Co.. (Meveland, (). Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Tyer Rubber Co. Andover, Mass. Tobacco Pouches. B. F. Goodrich Co.. Akron, O. Pure Gum Specialtv Co., Barberton, O Tyer Rubber Co.. Andover.Mass. Toys. Geo. Borgfeldt Si Co.. New York. B. F. Goodrich Co.. Akron, O. Hanover Rubber Co., Hanover^ Ger- many. MACKINTOSHED AND SURFACE GOODS Air G00I3 (Rubber). Cleveland Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. Davol UubberCo., Providence, R. I. B. F. (ioodrlcb Co , Akron, O. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. New York Rubber Co.. New York. National India Rubber Co., Providence. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover. Mass. Air Mattresses. Mechanical Fabric Co,, Providence, R.I. Aprons. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. Barbers' Bibs. Davol Rubber Co., Providence, R. I. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover, Mass. Bathing Caps. Davol Rubber Co.. Providence, R. I. B. F. Goodricli Co., Akron, O. Bellows Cloths. Boston Rubber Co.. Boston. Cleveland Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. Lacrosse (Wis.) Rubber Mills Co. Calendering. La Crosse (Wis.) Rubber Mills Co. Mltford Rubber Co., Boston. Plymouth Rubber Co.. Stoughton, Mass Canoe Beds. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. Carriage Ducks and Drills. Cleveland UubberCo., Cleveland, O. Empire Rubber Mfg. Co., Trenton, N.J Kureka Rubber Mfg. Co. of Trenton. Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co., To- ronto. Clothing. Apsley Rubber Co., Hudson, Mass. Cleveland Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. Granby Rubber Co., Granby, Quebec. Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg Co. of To ronto. Hodgman Rubber Co., New\ ork. La Crosse(Wis.) Rubber Mills Co. North British Rubber Co , Ltd., Edln burgh. MACKINTOSHED GOODS. Cravenette. CravenetteCo.. Ltd. Diving Dresses. Hodgman Rubber Co., .New York, Dress Shields. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. MattsOD Rubber Co., .New Y'ork. Horse Covers. Hodgman Rubber Co., .New York. Leggings. Cleveland Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. Mackintoshes. [SetClolhina} Proofing. La Crosse (Wis ) Rubber Mills Co. Mllford Rubber Co., Boston. Plymouth Rubber Co., Stoughton, Mass Rain Coats. Cravenette Co.. Lid. Rubber Coated Cloths. Mechanical Fabric Co., Providence, R. I. RUBBER FOOTWEAR Boots and Shoes. American Rubber Co., Boston. Apsley Rubber (;o , Hudson, Mass, Boston Rubber Shoe Co., Boston. L. Candee & Co., New Haven, (;t. Granby Rubber Co ,(irauby, IJuebec. Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co. ol Toronto. Hood Rubber Co., Boston. Jersey, Rubber Shoe Co., New York. Liverpool Rubber Co.. Liverpool, Eng Lycoming Rubber Co .Williamsport, Pa Meyer Rubber Co., New York. National India Rubber Co., Boston- Providence Norlii British Rubber Co., Ltd., Edin- burgh. United States Rubber Co.. New Y'ork. Wales-Goodyear Rubber Co., Boston. Woonsocket Rubber Co., Providence. Heels and Soles. Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co. Continental Caoutchouc & Guttapercha Co., Hanover, Plymouth Rubber Co., Stougliton, Mass. Tennis Shoes. American Rubber Co., Boston. Boston Rubber Shoe Co. Boston. (Jranby UubberCo.. Granbv, (Quebec. Liverpool Rubber Co., Liverpool. Eng. National India RubberCo.. Providence United Slates UubberCo., New York. Tennis Soles. Jos. Stokes Uubber Co., Trenton, N. J. Wading Pants. Hodgman RubberCo., New York, PORTING GOODS Foot Balls. Cleveland Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. B. F Goodrich Co., Akrou, O. Hodgman Rubber Co., New Y'ork. Golf Balls. Boston Belting Co., Boston. Davidson RubberCo.. Boston. B. K. (Joodrleh Co., Akron, O. Whitman & Barnes .Mfg. Co., Akron, O. Submarine Outfits. Hodgman Rubber Co., New Y'ork. Sporting Goods. B. F. (Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Hodgman Rubber Co., New York. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover, .Mass. Striking Bags. B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, O. Pure Gum Specialty Co., Barberton, O. DENTAI. AND STAMP RUBBER Dental Gum. American Hard RubberCo.. New Y'ork. Cleveland Rubber Co. .Cleveland, (). Tyer Rubber Co , Andover. Mass. Rubber Dam. Cleveland Rubber Co.. Cleveland. O. Davol liuliber Co., Providence, R. I. Hodgman UubberCo.. New Y'ork. Tyer Rubber Co., Andover. Mass. Stamp Gum. Mattson UubberCo.. New \ork. Mechanical UubberCo., Chicago, III. N. J. Car Spring & Rubber Co.. Jersey CItv. N J. New York Belting & Packing Co., N. Y. ELECTRICAL Electrical Supplies. American Hard Uubber Co., New York. Lake Shore RubberCo., Erie. Pa. Joseph Stokes UubberCo..Trenlon,N J. Massachusetts Chemical Co., Boston. Tyer Uubber Co., Andover, Mass. Friction Tape. Boston Belting Co., Boston. Boston Woven Hose& RubberCo. Cleveland UubberCo.. Cleveland, O. B. F." Goodrlcb Rubber Co., Akron, O. Massacliuselts Chemical Co , Boston. Mechanical Rubber ("o., Chicago. Home Rubber C^o.,Trent()n, N.J. Revere UubberCo.. Boston-New York. Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron, O. Hard Rubber Goods. American Haid UubberCo., New York. Joseph Stokes Uubber Co., Trenton. N.J. Insulating Compounds. Gutta-Percba & Uubber Mfg. Co., To- ronto. Massachusetts Chemical Co., Boston. Insulated Wire and Cables. National India Uubber Co., Providence. Splicing Compound. Home Rubber Co , Trentmi. N .1. MISCELLANEOUS Architect and Engineer. Herbert S. Kimball, Boston. Cable Code. [ntcrnatlonal Cable Dlrectorj Co., New York. Cement (Rubber). Boston Belting Co., Boston. B. F. (Jo. drich Co., Akton, O. Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co., New York. N. J. Car Spring* RubberCo., Jersey City. N J New York Belting & Packing Co., N. Y. Chemical Analyses. Durand Woodman, Ph I)., New York. H. L. Terry. Manchester, England. Investments. Badger Mexican Plantation Co., Racine, Wis. Conservative Rubber Productien Co , San Francisco. Hidalgo Plantation and Commercial Co., San Francisco. Rubber Lands For Sale. (J. H. Harrison, San Francisco. Rubber Planting. 1 Badger. Mexican Plan'allonCo., Racine, Wis. Conservative Rubber Production Co., San Francisco. Hidalgo Plantation and Commercial Co., San Francisco. Thermometers. Uohroann «i Maurer Mfg. Co., Rochei- ter.N.Y. ZLVIII THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [OCTODER I, 1904. Machinery and Suppi-ies for Rubber Mili.s. RTJBB£ R MACHINERY Acid Tanks. BirinliiEliam Iron Fouudry, Derby, Ct. Ball Making Machine. U. Bextorll. Hanover, Cfrmaiiy. Band Cutting Machine. A. Adaiiisoii, Akron, U. Birmingham Iron Fouudiy, Derby, Ct. Belt Folding Machines. Blrmlngliam Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Koimdry& Mach.Co., Ansonla.Ct. Belt Slitters. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & Mach.Co. , Ansonla,Ct. Belt Stretchers. Blrmlngliam Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & .Mach Co.. Ansonla.Ct. lloK^son&lXtlsMtK. Co.. New Haven. Ct. Blowers. B. F. SturtevantUo., Boston. Boilers. William R. Thropi), Trenton, N. J. Braiders. New England Butt Co., Providence, K. 1 Buckles. The Weld Mfg. Co., Boston. Calenders. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. F'arrel FoundryiS Mach. Co.,Ansoula,Ct. TextUe-Finlshlns MachiueryCo., Frovi dence,U. I. Castings. A. Adamson, Akron, U. Birmingham Iron F"oundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & MachCo., Ansonla.Ct. Chucks (Lathe). Hoggson A I'ettis Mfg. Co., New Haven, Ct. Churns. American Tool & Machine Co.. Boston . Cloth Dryers. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & Macli. Co., Ansonla.Ct, Clutches. FarrelFoundry & .Vlach. Co.,Ansonla,Ct Crackers. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Devulcanizers. Blrmlngliam Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Edred W. Clark, Hartford, Ct. William R. Thropp. Trenton. N. J. Dies. Hoggson & Pettis MfE. Co.. New Haven Ct. Doubling Machines. American Tool & Machine Co., Boston. Drying Apparatus. B. F Sturtevant Co , Bostim. Drying Machines. Jos'eph P. Devlne, Buffalo, N. Y. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Textile-Finishing Machinery Co., Provl deuce, K. I. Dynamos. B. F. Sturtevant Co.. Boston. Embossing Calenders. Textile-Finishing Machinery Co., Provl dence, K. I. Engines. B F. sturtevant Co , Boston. William R. Thropp, Trenton. N. J. Engraving Roll. Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. Co.. New Haven Ct. Exhaust Fans and Heads. B. P. sturtevant Co.. Boston. Factory Construction. Herberts. Kimball. Boston. Fans (Electric). B. F. Sturtevant Co.. Boston. Fans (Exhaust and Ventilating). B. F. Sturtevant Co . Boston. Forges. B. F. Sturtevant Co.. Boston. Fuel Economizers. B. F. StintevHnt Co , Boston. Gas Exhausters. B. F. Sturtevant Co., Boston. RUBBER MACHINERY. Gearing. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & Mach. Co.Ansonla.CI Generating Sets. B. F, sturtevant Co., Boston. Grinders. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & Mach. Co., Ansonla.Ct William U. Thropp, Trenton, N. J. Hangers. Farrel Foundry a Mach.('o.,Ausonla,Ct. Heating Apparatus. B. F. sturtevant Co.. Boston. Hose Covering Machines. New England Butt Co., Providence, ll.l. Hose Making Machines. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Hose Wrapping Machines. A. Adamson, Akron, Ohio. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Hydraulic Accumulators. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & Mach. Co. .Ansonla.Ct. Lasts (Rubber Shoe). Middlesex Last Co., Boston. Lathes — Hard Rubber. A. Adamson, Akron, Ohio. Jar Ring — Lathes. A. Adamson. Akron, Ohio. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. William K. Thropp, Trenton, N. J. Machinists' Tools. Hoggson* Pettis Mfg. Co., Hew Haven, Ct. Mechanical Draft. B. F. Sturtevant Co., Boston. Mixers. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & Mach. Co., Ansonla.Ct William R. Thropp, Trenton, N. J. Motors (Electric). B. F. Sturtevant Co , Boston, Moulds. A. Adamson, Akron. Ohio. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby. Ct, Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. Co., New Haven, Ct. Pillow Blocks. Farrel Foundry & Mach. Co. .Ansonla.Ct Post Hangers. Farrel Foundry & Mach . Co.. Ansonla.Ct. Presses (for Rubber Work.) A. Adamson, Akron. O. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Boomer & Boschert Press Co., Syracuse. N.Y. Edred W. Clark, Hartford, Ct. Farrel Foundry & Mach. Co.,Ansonla,Ct William R Thropp, Trenton, N. J. Pumps Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Boomers Boschert Press Co., Syracuse, N.Y. Farrel FoundryS Mach. Co, , Ansonla,Ct Racks for Boot and Shoe Cars. Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. Co., New Haven, Ct. Reducing Valves. Mason Regulator Co., Boston. Rollers. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry & Mach. Co, Ansonla.Ct Rollers (Hand). Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. Co., New Haven, Ct Rubber Covering Machines. New England Kutt Co . Providence, R. X Separators. Turner, Vaughn & Taylor Co., Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. Shafting. Birmingham Iron F'oundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry &Mach. Co , Ansonla,Ct, Special Rubber Machinery. Wellman Sole Cutting Machine Co , Medtord, Mass. Spreaders. American Tool & Machine Co, Boston. Birmingham Iron Foundry. Derby, Ct. Spreading Machines. New England Butt Co., Providence, R. I RUBBER MACHINERY. Steam Traps and Specialties. Jenkins Bros., New York. Mason Regulator Co.. Boston. B. F. Sturtevant Co. . Boston. Steel Stamps. Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. ('o.. New Haven. Ct. Stitchers (Hand). Hoggson & Pettis Mfg. Co.. New Haven, Ct. Strip Covering Machines. New England BuItCu , Providence, R.I Strip Cutters. New England UuttCo , Providence, R. I Thermometers. Hobmann «j Maurer Mfg. Co., Roches ter, N. Y. Tubing Machines. A. Adamson, Akron, O. Kdred W. Clark, Hartford, Ct. John Royle & Sons, Paterson, N. J. Vacuum Drying Chambers. Joseph P. Devlne, Biiltalo. N, Y. Varnishing Machines. Birmingham Iron Fdundiy, Derby, Ct. Ventilating Fans. B. F. Sturtevant Co., Boston. Vulcanizers. Birmingham Iron F'oundry, Derby, Ct. Farrei;Foundry (St Mach. Co., Ansonla»CI William R. Thropp. Trenton. N. J. Washers. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. Farrel Foundry* Mach. Co.,Ansonla,Ct William R. Thropp, Trenton, N. J Turner, Vaughn & Taylor Co. .Cuyahoga Falls. Ohio. Wire Insulating Machines. New Englanii Butt Co., Providence, R, I Wrapping Machines. A. Adamson, Akron, o. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Ct. SECO ND - HAN D MACHINERY. W. C. Coleman Co . Selauket, N. Y. Philip McGrory. Trenton. N.J. FACTORY SUPPLIES Acid (Carbolic). Barrett Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. Antimony, Sulphurets of. GOLDEN. Acllen-Ges. Georg EgestorS's Salz- werke. Linden. Germany. Atlas Chemical Co.. Newtonville, Mass. GOLDEN AND CRIMSON. Joseph Cantor, New York. Wm. H. Schee), New Y'ork. Stamford (Conn.) Rubber Supply Co. Typke & King, London, England. Balata. George A. Alden & Co., Boston . Benzol. Barrett Mfg.Co., Philadelphia. Samuel Cabot. Boston. Black Hypo. Joseph Cantor, New York. Typke & King, London, England. Boxes (Wood). Henry H. Sheip & Co., Philadelphia. Brazil Scrap. Hlrsch & Kaiser, Inc., New York. Carbon Bisulphide. George W Speaight, New York. Chemicals. Empire Palm Oil Co., Boston. George W. Speiaght, New York. Colors. Joseph Cantor. New York. Typke & King, London, England. Crude Rubber. George A. Alden &Co , Boston. 4. W. Brunn, New York. Hlrsch & Kaiser, Inc., New York. Rubber Trading Co . , New York-Boston EA CTOR Y SUPPLIES. Drills. J. H. Lane & Co., New York. Duck (Cotton). J. II. Lane & Co., New York. Fossil Flour. Fossil Flour Co., New York. Gilsonite. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., Philadel- phia. Gutta-Percha. George A. Alden «. Co , Boston. Rubber Trading Co., New \ ork-Boston. Hose Bands, Straps & Menders. Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co. William Y'erdon. Fort Plain, N. Y. Hose Pipes, Nozzles & Couplings. Bosti n Woven Hose* Rubber Co. Eureka Fire Hose Co.. New York. Revere Rubber Co., Boston. Hydro-Carbon Products. Geo A. Alden & Co.. Boston. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., Philadel- phia. Infusorial Earth. Stamford (Conn.) Rubber Supply Co. Lampblack. Samuel Cabot, Boston. Lawn-Hose Supporters. C. J. Bailey & Co.. Boston. Lead— Blue. Picher Lead Co., Chicago, 111. Lead— Sublimed White. Picher Lead Co.,l'lilcago, 111. Naphtha. Barrett Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. Oils. Akron Commercial Co , Akron, O. Paris White and Whiting. H. F. Taintor Mfg. Co., New York. Reclaimed Rubber. Bloomlngdale(N J ) Soft Rubber Co. Housatonlc Rubber Wks., Bridgeport, New Jersey Rubber Co., Lambertville. N.J. Pequanoc Rubber Co., Butler, N. J. Philadelphia RubberWks., Philadelphia. Jos. Stokes Rubber Co , Trenton, N. J. U. S. Rubber Reclaiming Wks, N.Y. AGENTS AMI DEALERS. G. Brlce, Paris, France. W. C. Coleman Co., Setauket, N. Y. Philip McGrory, Trenton. N, J. H. P. Moorhouse, Paris, France. Rubber Trading Co., New York-Boston. Rubber Waste Wm H. Cummlngs & Sons, New York. W. C.Coleman Co. Setauket, N. Y. Hlrsch & Kaiser. Inc , New York. United States Waste Rubber Co., Brock- ton, Mass, Scrap Rubber. Bers&Co., Philadelphia. W. C. Coleman Co , Setauket, N. Y. Wm. H. Cunimlngs& Sons, New Y'ork. Theodore Hofeller & Co , Buffalo. N. Y. Philip McGrory. Trenton. N. J. M. J. Wolpei t, Odessa, Russia. Substitute. Bonner Mfg. Co , Boston, Mass. Empire Palm Oil Co , Boston. Joseph Cantor, New York Massachusetts Chemical Co., Boston. Wm. H. Scheel, New York. Stamford (Conn.) Rubber Suyply Co. Typke & King, London. England. Sulphur. BattelleA Renwlek, New York. T. & S. C. White Co.. New York. Sulphur Chloride. George W. Speaight, New Y'ork. Stamford (Conn ) Rubber Supply Co. Tire Fabrics. J. H. Lane & Co., New York. Whiting. H. F. Taintor Mfg C'' , New York. Zinc Sulphide. Joseph Cantor. New York. Typke & King. London. England. Zinc White. New Jersey Zinc ('o.. New York. Stamford (Conn. ) Rubber Supply Co. OcTODKR I, 1904] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD XLix THE REPUBLIC RUBBER CO. MAIN OFFICE AND FACTORY YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO PITTSBURGH NEW YORK ST. LOUIS CHICAGO 106 MARKET ST. 47 WARREN ST. 210 N. THIRD ST. 116 LAKE ST. THE FINEST AND MOST MODERN RUBBER FACTORY IN THE WORLD PATENTEES AND SOLE MANUFACTURERS SEARCHLIGHT PACKING CROSS ARM To%r.i%V.r TUBULAR GASKET Mention The India Rubber World when you write. HIDALGO A RUBBER AND COFFEE INVESTMENT PAYING SIX PER CENT. INTEREST ON INSTALLMENT AND CASH SHARES This Company is under the same management which has made La Zacualpa Rubber Plantation an acknowledged success. FOR PARTICULARS AND PRINTED MATTER ADDRESS HIDALGO PLANTATION AND COMMERCIAL COMPANY 713 MARKET STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA UeiUUm t/ie iixMu rubber Worul wnen tlim wnu THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1904. Revere Rubber Company. Manufacturers of a HIGH CLASS of £/ MECHANICAL RUBBER GOODS. HOME OFFICE' 77 Bedford and 72 Kingston Streets, BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS. BRANCHES: NEW YOR-K, N. Y., 50 R-eade Street. PITTSBURG, PA., 2-8 Wood Street, CHICAGO, ILL., 1G8 LaHe Street. MINNEAPOLIS. MINN., 322-324- First Ave.. North. NEW ORLEANS, LA., ^lO Carondelet Street. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., 527 MarKet Street. FACTORIES: CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS. Mention The India Rubber World luhen you writt. • CTOBER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD LI HIGH GRADE RUBBER GOODS BELTING PACKINGS VALVES VALVE SHEET TUBING and GASKETS (MADE IN CANADA) RUBBER HOSE -FOR- WATER SUCTION STEAM AIR Fire Protection ACIDS BREWERS Pneumatic Tools ■^'%*r^ Sole Manufacturers of the celebrated "MALTESE CROSS" and "LION" Brands Rubbers. The best fitting, best wearing and most stylish rubber footwear on the market. =:;SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO EXPORT ORDERS^ ^ The Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co. of Toronto, Ltd. Mmiion T?ie India jRuhbcr wnrki when you write. Hcad Offlcc Warcrooms — 15 Wcllmgton St., E., TORONTO, CANADA. = = THE - = GRANBY RUBBER CO. RUBBER BOOTS, SHOES, AND CLOTHING. S. H. C. MINER, President, J. H. McKECMNlE, Gen'l Hgr. Factories: GRANBY, QUEBEC. Mention The India Rubber World when yon Journal d'Agriculture Tropicale, AGRICULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC, COnHERCIAL. PUBLISHED BY J. VILBOUCHEVITCH, 10, Rue Delambre, Paris, (France.) The Tropical Agriculturist Subscription : ONE YEAR. . SIX MONTHS, 20 FRANCS. 10 FRANCS. The Joi'RN'AL OF Tropical Agriculture deals with all branches of tropical cultivation, giving prominence to the planting of Caoutchouc and the scientilic study of Caoutchouc species. The Journal is international in character, and is planned especially to interest readers in all lands where the French language is spoken or read. Mention Tlte India Hubber World when you write. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BV A. M. 4 J. FERGUSON, COLOMBO, CEYLON, ALL about Tea, Coffee, Cacao. Tobacco, Cardamoms, Cotton, Cinchona, Sugar Liberian Coffee, India-rubber. Cinnamon, Cassia. Cocoanuts, Palmira and other Palm Trees, Aloes and other Fibre Plants, Rice, Fruit Trees, VegeUbles, Citronella and other Grasses yielding Essential Oils, Gum, and other Tropical Products. Rates of Subscription for America, including Postage. Yearly, $5 SO. In Advance, $4.50. Half Yearly, $3.00. " " $2.60. The whole sixteen volumes published can be bad for $S8. The Ceylon Observer CIRCULATES throughout the island of Ceylon, and in Southern India. Its Over- land Edition circulates extensivelv in Great Britain and Ireland. Annual sub. si^riptiou, $16,00. Overland Observer i\\e — ev— Cravenetti ^.nUTCKOUC %m-?0^\ Edited by HENRY C. PEARSON— Offices. No. 150 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. Vol. XXXI. No. 2. NOVEMBER 1, 1904. 85 Cants * Copy. $8.00 For Tear. BOSTON WOVEN HOSE & RUBBER CO. ESTABLISHED 1870 ALEXANDER M. PAUL, General Manager MANUFACTURERS OF MECHANICAL RUBBER GOODS CANVAS BELTING and BRASS GOODS works: CAMBRIDGE, MASS. PLYMOUTH, MASS. Warehouses: NEW YORK PITTSBURQ CLEVELAND CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO Offices: BOSTON PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE BUFFALO DETROIT ST. LOUIS MILWAUKEE LAMPBLACKS especially for RUBBER MANUFACTURE. SAMUEL CABOT. BOSTON, MASS II THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD [November i, 1904. F- H. Appleton (Si Son MANUFACTURERS OF RECLAIMED RUBBER No. 185 Summer Street, Factory : FranKlin, Mass. BOSTON, MASS. TelepHone •. Oxford, 4-60 ^fentlon The India Rubber World when you write. "^i^"'-^" tl'::"';^"'&™^^^V:M*''' -^"^" :*i n ?;...;_ ■■ ■ ^ Wirt & Knos Mfg. Co. MANuraCTUHERS OF WIRTS PATENT TUBULAR ALL METAL fe HOSE CARTS. REELS and HUiaP RACES 22 and 24 North Fourth Street S^ PHILADELPHIA, PA. g^— GOni|lE|lTAIt TYRES, GO|lTI|lEHTAIt PGWMIi RDBBER GOODS. CONTINENTAL CAOUTCHOUC & GUTTAPERCHA CO.. Hanover, Germany. NEW YORK office: 298 BROADWAY. yfeiilioti llie India Rubber World ivken you write. ^i^^^^%/^^/%/%^^^'^^^^^)'^^^/%/%/^/%^^^^%^^^t^^^^/^^^^/^'%>^^^^/^'^^^^^^^'%^^'^^%^^^^ For General Compounding "M.R." makes a perfect union with rubber. Prevents blistering, and the harsher action of free Sulphur. Absolutely acid proof. Has been used regularly by Rubber Hanufacturers for the past four years. Manufactured only by the AHBRICAN ASPHALTUH & RUBBER CO., Chicago. GEO. A. ALDEN & CO., Boston, Mass. NoVEMIiER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER 'WORLD ni Forsyth TRADE MARK Combination Metal Insertion Packing and Gasket Tubing PATENTED APRIL 11, 1899 18 i^9 A superior tubular gasket that is durable and will not blow out when properly applied. It makes gaskets of any size or shape with- out waste. A RUBBER PACKING with one or more plies of pliable sheet metal in- sertion. Forsyth Combination Packing will satisfactorily withstand the heat of high pressure steam, and is not so liable to blow out as ordinary packings. It is practically a metal packing with elastic surfaces. A practical trial of Forsyth Combination Pack- ing invariably results in a strong endorse- ment of it. CAUTIOIN As the exclusive manufacturers of sheet metal insertion rubber packing and gasl.^. VOORHEES RUBBER MTU CO. 18 to 40 BOSTWICK AVE., JERSEY CITY, N. J. Rubber Hose, Belting, Packing, Valves, Gaskets, Mats. Matting, Cotton Rubber Lined Hose, etc. Ucntlon tkt inOia tiaUier fForld tehen uou iotiK VI THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. HODGMAN'S Mackintoshes, Alexombric Rmii Coe^ts and Rubber Surface Clothing give s&tisfaction to the dealer and the wearer A large assortment of styles always carried in stock to meet immediate wants SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED LISTS HoDGMAN Rubber Company Factories : TucKAHOE. N. y. 806-808 Broadway ( MT. VERNON. N.Y. NEW YORK Mention The India Rubber World when you ivritc. ESTABLISHED 1838. THE WHITMAN & BARNES MFG. CO. •T,.,:f*- CHICAQO KANSAS CITY MINNEAPOLIS SAN FRANCISCO AKRON CINCINNATI ST. CATHARINES LONDON, Eng. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. NEW YORK BOSTON PARIS, France November i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD VII 5^^^^^5/ ' .f. ■ '' "5 y-";,-if-..-^?SFjr7'^'''ti^'^ -y^^-- The H. F. Taintor Mfg. Co. are the largest manufacturers of Whiting and EngUsh CUffstone Paris White in this country. All grades of Whiting prepared especially for use of Rubber Manufacturers, finely ground and bolted and very dry. \ The "Westminster" brand of English Cliffstone Paris White is the finest made in the world, and is particularly suited to manufacturers of fine Rubber goods and specialties. Samples can be had by mail. Address No, 200 Water St., Cor, Fulton, New York City. Menlion Mie India Bvbhar World when you yerite. VllI THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. FACTORIES AT MATTEAWAN, DUTCHESS CO., N. Y. NEW YORK RUBBER COMPANY. (O u — >• < 0^ %< CD z INCORPORATED 1851. Manufacturers of BELTING, HOSE, PACKING, OF SUPERIOR QUALITIES. m 3E > £S ^ r o- > •<^ m Warehouse and office: CO Jj 84 AIMD 86 READE, chur^c°h%?r%et. NEW YORK. » Address P. O. Bojc JIOO. Mention The India Rubber W'otUI when you write. it # iiiSitpiil If /IB' **3? Si^gHi SAWYER STITCHED CANVAS BELTING HONF.STI,T ItlADK FI'L,l.T OITARANTEED SOLD ON ITS MERITS III Iin4><|ii:tll4>r <»r Riil»l>ei'. 31<»*t( Kc«>ii«>iiii4'ul ICelt 111 1 He. Manufactured by SAWYER BELTING CO., East Cambridge, Mass, AGENTS : Hellion iSc Hubbell. Chicago, III. Day Rubber Co., St. Louis, Mo. Nashville Belting Co., Nashville, Teiin. Belknap Hdw. & Mfg. Co., Louis- ville. Ky. W. BiriEhaiii Co.. Cleveland, O. M 1 Wilcox Co., Toledo, O. Southern lielting Co., Atlanta, Ga. Baltimore Rubber Co., Baltimore, Md. English Supply Co., Kansas City, Mo Soulbern Belting Co., Memphis, Tenn. Boston Belting Co.. BulTalo, N. V. For Sale by all Reliable Dealers Mention 77ie India Rubber World ivhen you write. Lake Shore Rubber Co. Manufacture Mechanical Rubber Goods, HOSE, BELTING, PACKING,VALVES, GASKETS, ELECTRICAL TAPE, OIL WELL SUPPLIES, Etc. WRITE FOR PRICES AND SAMPLES. Office and Works, ERIE, PA. I Mejition The India Rubber World when you write. j i November i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD IX BLACK BEAR SHEET PACKING THE FOLLOWING TESTS ARE INTERESTING: A piece of "Black Bear" Sheet Packing was packed in a joint with a steam gauge attached to indicate the heat. At 330 de- grees for nine hours each day, taking out the I'acking for examination every night, replacing it the next morning, for a series of twelve days — 108 hours in all — " Black Bear" Sheet Packing was scarcely affected. A high grade Red Packing under the same test burned to a char at the end of the first day. Heat does not seem to affect "Black Bear" Sheet Packing. A piece of "Black Bear" Sheet Packing was boiled in oil for nine hours, and came out strong and full of vitality at the end of this trying ordeal. A piece of "Black Bear" Sheet Packing has been immersed in kerosene oil for several weeks, and is still in good condition. Oils do not seem to affect "Black Bear" Sheet Packing. * ' Black Bear ' ' Steam Hose is made of the same material. Withstanding these tests we need not tell you, nothing could be better for a Steam Hose. Are you ititerested? Write us for additional information and prices. TRENTON RUBBER MFC. CO. TRENTON, N. J. M^'tJtinn T7te India Ruhber World when ymi w^rite. F=^f=i Oil Proof and Acid Proof ^^m^mmmmm m Perfection for a vSteam Joint Mention llie India. Rubber World when yuu write. THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. NEW JERSEY CAR SPRING & RUBBER CO. Ueneral Offices and Works, New York, . . - Cleveland, ... Jersey City, N. J. - 10 Barclay St. - 190 Seneca St. CHICAGO, ILL. Distributing: Agents, W. D. Alien Mfg. Co., 151 Lake St. MANUFACTURERS OF High Grade Rubber Goods "Our name and brand a guarantee of quality." Air Brake Hose Rubber Belting Steam Hose Steam Packing Fire Hose Hats and flatting Water Hose Valves, etc. "Red Oak" Sheet Packing "Hemisphere" Rubber flatting Rubber Lined Cotton Fire Hose flechanical Rubber Goods for all purposes Mention 37ie India Rubber World when you nn-ite. ESTABLISHED 1859. THE LIVERPOOL RUBBER COMPANY, Ltd. LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND. tf •t^OE MAR/f The highest grade of Rubber Boots and Shoes, "Liver and *^ Ideal" Canvas Shoes, etc., etc. High grade Mechanical, Engineering and Mill Worii, Railway Springs, Valves, Buffers, Sheets, Insertion, Rings, Bladders, Deckles, Printers' Blankets, Hose, Belting, Mats, Packing, etc., etc. Cycle and Carriage Tires, *' Lockfast " pneumatic, single tube, cushion and solid. India Rubber Thread. CHIEF OFFICE: 292 VAUXHALL RD., LIVERPOOL, and at 34 Aldermanbury, London, E. C, 20 Rue des Marais, Paris, 333 Kent St., Sydney, New South Wales. Factories: Vauxhall Road, and Walton, Liverpool. Mention the India Rubber World when you wriU. NOVEMIIER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER ^A/^ORLD 21 WE MANUFACTURE HARD RUBBER GOODS IN EVERY CONCEIVABLE FORM. The Joseph Stokes Rubber Co. Main Office and Factory: Western Branch: 83 LAKE STREET TRENTON, N. J. chicauo, ill. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. A Record for Durability. SUCCESS ACHIEVED WHERE ALL OTHERS FAILED. T/ie Great 2,000 miles non- stop run accomplished in England and Scotland on a Talbot car fitted loith CLINCHER (Bartlett's Patent) MOTORTYRES Extracts from report of Mr. T. IV. Will- iams^ 0/ the" Daily Mirror" zvhotudr in the car the ettlirr distance. "The Clincher Tyres also proved that the Scottish made article can beat, when put to the test, the finest continental tyres that were evermade." Extract from letter from D. M. Weigel, Esq., who dfove the celebrated Talbot car and who has driven cars fitted with all kinds of Tyres. Referring to the Clincher Tyres, he says: " 1 etKlorse the letter I wrote you some little time ago that they are the best tyres I ever used." WHICH ALONE HAVE COME THROUGH THE ORDEAL. PROVING DURABILITY, RESILIENCY, RELIABILITY. Sole Manufacturers : THE NORTH BRITISH RUBBER CO., Ltd., Castle Mills, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND. Booklet "HINTS ON MOTOR TYRES ' Mailed tree to appllcanlt. Mention The India Hubber World when you write. THE REPUBLIC RUBBER CO. MAIN OFFICE AND FACTORY YOUNGSTOWN. OHIO PITTSBURGH 106 MARKET ST. NEW YORK 47 WARREN ST. ST. LOUIS 210 N. THIRD ST. CHICAGO 116 LAKE ST. THE FINEST AND MOST MODERN RUBBER FACTORY IN THE WORLD PATENTEES AND SOLE MANUFACTURERS SEARCHLIGHT PACKING CROSS ARM WIRE INSERTION COPPER JOINT TUBULAR GASKET Mention The India Rubber World when you write. zn THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. ESTABLISHED 1836. INCORPORATED 1850. Birmingham Iron Foundry, DERBY, CONN., U. S. A. Oldest and Largest Makers of RUBBER MILL MACHINERY in the United States. .? ■"•5r FOUR ROLL CALENDER. MILLS RUBBER MILL MACHINERY. Two and Three Roll Washers — Grinders, Warmers and Mixers, all sizes up to 26"x84" — Sheeters and Refiners — Crackers with Chilled Cut Rolls — Experimental mill for laboratory use, etc , etc. Two, Three and Four Roll Calenders — Pearce Patent Six Roll Double Friction Calender — wALtNL)tl\o Soling and Upper Calenders with Engraved Rolls — Embossing Calenders for Carriage Cloth — Double 5heet Calenders — Special Calenders of all kinds. Presses for Belting — Clark's Patent Hydraulic Belt Stretchers — Screw Presses of all e Hydraulic Presses for Mould Work — Accumulators and Pumps. Shafting; Pattern, Hachine Houlded and Cut Gearing; Self-Oiling and Standard Pillow Blocks; Friction Clutches, etc. Complete Rubber Reclaiming Plants — Belt Making Machines — Bias Cutting SPECIAL MACHINERY Machines— Automatic Jar Ring Lathes— Roller Bearing Heater Cars- Transfer Cars — Turn Tables — Cloth Dryers^Duck Slitters — Cording Ma- chines — Band Cutting Hachines — Spreaders — Varnishing flachines — Doubling Drums — Complete Hose flak- ing Plants, etc. Mention The India Rubber World when pou urrite. pppccpc Hydraulic Pres rlVCOOCO kinds— Multipl POWER TRANSMISSION NoVEMliER 1, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD ZIII EFFICIENCY with ECONOMY -^ ">^ ''"^'"^ ^""''"•f f °"' Perfected Tubing Machines. Their exceptional adaptability guarantees the highest class work- manship, and their marvelous productive capacity insures a startling reduction in the working expenses. Our full line covers a complete range, and we carry machines for both small and large work. We supply an exhaustive line of fixtures of every conceivable description. Write for particulars. JOHN ROYLE & SONS, PATERSON, N. J., U. S. A. Mentiini Tlic India Rubher W'frlti when i/ou 7vHte. NEW ENGLAND BUTT COMPANY, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND. MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINERY. Rubber Strip Covering Machines For Covering Electrical Wires. Strip Cutters and Rubber Spreading Machines. Braiders for Covering Rubber Hose. Complete Line of Machinery for Insu- lating Electrical Wires and Cables. TWO HEAD RUBBtR COVERING MACHINE. FINE CASTIINGS A SPECIAUTV. Mention The 7;. ■ < J^ubber WorCd when you tvrite. I XIV THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. DAVOL RUBBER COMPANY "1 ESTABLISHED 1874 MANUFACTURERS OF FINE RUBBER GOODS i i IN SOFTand HARD RUBBER jtjt PLANT OF THE DAVOL RUBBER COMPANY Mention The India Rubber World when you write. PROVIDENCE, R.I., U.S.A. TRADE MARK PRICE LIST OF BAILEY'S RUBBER BRUSHES llailey's Rubber Bath Brush, *' •* Shampoo " " " Complexion" •' " Petite Complexion Brush, " " Facial Brush, " Hand " " Toilet " Tooth " No. I, PER DOZ. PER DO/.. PER DOZ. gl2.00 Bailey's Rub. Tooth Brush, Nc .2, $2. 50 Bailey's Rub. Glove Cleaner, § .75 6.0O ' Manicure Brush 2 00 " " P'inger Cots, 5.00 gro. 4.00 ■ .Sewing Fingers, jSogro. '■ " Mas'ge Roller, 4.00 doz. rush, 2.00 ' Teething Ring, .75 " Duplex " '• 8.00 doz. 4.00 ' Heel Cushion, 2.00 " Body " " 16.00 doz. 4.00 ' Soap Dishes, 2.00 " Complexion Soap, J .75 doz. 2.00 ' Trumpet, 1.20 " Skin Food, 4.00 doz. , 2.00 ' Bubble Blower, .75 Bailey's "Won't Slip" Crutch Tip. (allsi2es) $1.00 per doz. ALL GOODS SENT PREPAID BY US. C. J. BAILEY & CO. MANUFACTURERS AND PATENTEES 22 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MASS., U. S. A. The Pure Gum Specialty Company Barberton Ohio Manufacturers of DRUGGISTS' RUBBER SUNDRIES and AIR GOODS. Write for Prices. Mt-ntioii The India Rubber World when you write. .^-^.^. The Faultless Rubber Co. AKRON, OHIO, U. S. A. MANUFACTURERS OF High Grade Seamless and Seamed Rubber Goods and Specialties. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. Merition The India Rubber World when t/ou write. November i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD XV AMERICAN HARD RUBBER CO., THE INDIA RUBBER COMB CO. THE BUTLER HARD RUBBER CO. THE GOODRICH HARD RUBBER CO. 9-13 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A. M^NUK^CTURERS^ OF COMBS, SYRINGES, CROWN WATER BOTTLES, DRUGGISTS' & STATIONERS' SUNDRIES. »■ EVERY DESCRIPTION Ol- HARD RUBBER GOODS. 'lention TJte India Kitbher World when votL wrUa, f w f w w f f w f Prussian Pure l^ubbcr Sponges G UORI A None Better Ttifi Hanover l|uDD8rCo.(Lld.) ( Hannovcrsche Gummi Kamm Cie. Act. Ges. ) HANOVEK-LIMMEIi PRUSSIA M Sole Agents for U. S. and Can. 48-50 WEST 4th STREET NEW YORK 2^ ^- ■^^^•■^S^'-'i^-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^' THE HARDMAN RUBBER GO. Druggists' Sundries. Stationers' Rubber, rioulded Goods. Hard Rubber Goods. ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED Factory and Office: BELLEVILLE, N. J. TELEPHONE 1143a NEWARK Mention the India Rubber World when you write. MATTSON RUBBER CO. Office and Factory, No. 26 West Broadway, N. Y. ESTABLISHED ISTS Moulded and Special Rubber Goods Stamp Gum and Sponge Rubber Rubber Goods for Hat Manufacturers Unvulcanized Compounds fortheTrade Dress Shield Materials, Etc. Correspondence solicited Stephen P. Sharples, ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMIST. T"wenty-five Years* Experience in MetKods for Recovering Rubber from A^aste. -Analysis Made of Compounded Rubbers. o FF I c i: = No. 26 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. ilention The India liubber World when you uTite. XVI THE IINJJIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. BUY THE BEST ^ ^ Apsley CHaracteristics ; QUALITY STYLE FIT No other goods on the market Always in the lead. Made on A most important feature. We equal APSLEY. up-to-date Lasts. fit the prevailing styles. .PS L DRY SHOD ^ INVINCIBLE/^ RUBBERS APSLEY ADJUSTABLE INVINCIBLE RUBBERS Many persons do not wish to wear ordinary rubber shoes, for the reason that they heat and draw the feet. At tlie same lime they are averse to wet feet. Many such have worn heavy soles, so called waterproof leather, etc. But what they have needed is exactly what is shown in the above illustration — something that protects the sole from the wet, that is so shaped in the shank as to exclude water, snow, and mud, and that does not cover the shoe upper. Rubbers of this kind may be extra tight around the sole and yet be comfortable, for the reason that any extra pressure there affects only the solid leather and in no way compresses or covers the foot. By the vise of the adjustable buckle and the different wiis(H>ntinl:a.\cks : Yearly orders for sul>seriptions and advertising are re^^arded as permanent, and after the tlrst twelve months tliey will bedlscontinned only at the reqnest of the subscriber or advertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beglunlnc of each period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance. COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. Entered at New York Post Office as mall matter of the segond-class. TABLE OF CONTENTS, Editorial: I'dlltles and Hnsiness Kniiber and the Congo Question •■ A Strange Industry" Discovered .Minor Kdltorial , The Editor's Book Table The Passing of the Oldest Rubber Importer [With Portrait ot Georj^e A. Alden.] Obituary Notes.. The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain . Our Regular Cnrrespnrulent [riie Tire Trade. .New Patent Law. The Carriage Manufacture. Artificial Rubber. The Cotton Trade. Position of Gutta-percba. Notes on Packuigs. David Ilridge & Co. The Italian Trade.] The India-Rubber Industry in Sweden and Norway Our lliltisti Correspondent Insulating Materials in High Tension Cables Emmanuel J ona [Abstract of a paper read before the International Electrical Congress, at St. Louis.] Vulcanization of Rubber by Electricity [Invention of Howard F. Riddle. With 5 Illustrations.] Rubber Factory Appliances : The Astfalck Quick Press System A New Type ol Ring Cutter (iilusfrafed) Rubber at a Carriage Show [With I Illustration.] Sixty Years in the Rubber Business [With Portrait of John D. Vermeule.] New Goods and Specialties in Rubber. [Dods Cross Expansion Piston Packing. Waterproof Leather Shoes. The Auto Tire Protector. Weed's Chain Tire Grip. A Canadian ■' Military'* Boot. New Automobile Shirt.] [With q Illustrations 1 Recent Rubber Patents [American. British. German. French.] The New Cable to Alaska Another Pact lie Cattle Proposed The Singapore Guttapercha Trade Setauket Rubber Factory Burned [With an Illustration.] The Cotton Goods Market The Dunlop Tire Patents : The Dtllated Tire The End of the Diinlop (Welch) Patent Rubber Interests in Europe . New Trade Publications Miscellaneous: Oeari" Rubber in Nicaragua Rubber Interests in Brazil The Wearing of Rubber Collars Concessions for " Almeidina " Gum ludia-Kubber Goods In Commerce .lapanese Waterproof Goods Rontgen Kays in Cable Making Wireless Telegraphy on the Amazon Color Barometers for Advertising News of the American Rubber Trade Review of the Crude Rubber Market 33 34 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 43 45 46 46 47 48 49 51 53 63 54 55 55 57 58 35 40 44 4.5 47 48 H 57 5» 59 64 A yV /■ ITHIN a week from this date the ([uadrennial na- ^ tional election will have occurred in the United State."?, and a certain feeling of suspense will have been lifted from millions of minds. But while the number of ballots to be registered on November 8 doubtless will be as large as at any preceding election — and possibly much larger, in view of the increase in population — there has been apparent no such popular excitement over the im- pending result as to disturb business in any way. Time was when it was regarded as a matter of course that a presidential campaign would rob business of all life for half a year, at least. True, there has never been any logi- cal reason given why the choice of a president should be an occasion for stagnation in trade, but if the whole popu- lation decided in advance that the campaign months were to be a dull season, except in a political sense, the dullness very naturally developed. This year appears to have afforded an e.xception to a rule which has been recognized for the past two genera- tions. It cannot be said that the popular interest in poli- tics, has declined, or that the business classes or the masses are really less concerned than in the past about the outcome of the election. 15ut in a country like this popular sentiment ought to be, and doubtless is, more in telligent as public institutions advance in age, and most citizens nowadays do not fear any revolutionary tendency as a possible result of a general election. Even when one political party supersedes another in control of the government, a radical change in policies rarely occurs, and a change in governmental methods is practically impossible within the limits of a single presi- dential term. The fact is that the government of the United States is vastly more conservative than is always recognized, either at home or abroad, and no matter what theories may be urged here or there in advance of an election, the government in power may be e.\pected always to be responsive to the soundest business sense of the country as a whole whenever questions of vital importance are to be decided. It is not to be assumed that the foregoing considera- tions, in so many words, have found place in the minds of all the voters in the country, but at any rate experience has taught those who have voted a few times that, who- ever wins at the polls, the country is not brought to dis- aster. Hence, it is not necessarily a sign of apathy or a lack of patriotism if the average voter of today fails to feel alarm over the fate of the nation at the approaching election. Doubtless party feeling is as strong as ever, and, as we have intimated, the approaching vote may be the largest ever cast, but politics has not been allowed to occupy the minds of the people to the exclusion of busi- ness. We feel that the situation is one upon which the people of the country are to be congratulated, as affording a via- dication of the principles on which the government is founded. And doubtless the experience of the past sum- mer will be repeated in future "presidential" years— a 34 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. matter of great gain to the country, which in an earlier period gave up one year in four to troubled suspense while awaiting the result of the November balloting. So far as can be discerned at this time of the year, 'the rewards of production in every department have compared favorably with the showing of any past year. Crops of every kind appear to have been abundant, and selling prices favorable ; manufacturing in every branch has been well maintained ; and in whatever tends to enhance the wealth of the nation or to promote the prosperity of its cit- izens, 1904 seems destined to make a good record. Such being the situation to-day, a change can hardly come un- til there is a season of less abundant crops, or some un- foreseen disaster overtakes industry. Present material conditions are not to be changed by any mere chance of political fortune, for which reason the purely trade journal, such as ours is, can well afford to leave to others the dis- cussion of political jilatforms and candidates, feeling con- fident that in the end the intelligence of the people may always be depended on. RUBBER AND THE CONGO QUESTION. THE report that the president of the United States had decided not to attempt to interfere with respect to the administration of the Congo Free State appears to have been due to a misapprehension, but such a decision, in our opinion, would be wholly proper. The interest of this country in Congo affairs, from whatever point of view open to Mr. Roosevelt, we conceive to be much less substantial than that of the European powers identified with the Berlin treaty, and so long as the latter remain silent, the United States have no clear call to initiate the reforms for which a need is alleged to exist. Such action as has been erroneously reported from Washington would serve to nullify the work of the two recent distinguished English visitors on our shores — Mr. Morel, to attack, and Mr. Head, to defend, the administration of Leopold II, the sovereign of the Congo state. It might have the further effect of softening the asperity with which the Congo con- troversy has been waged beyond the Atlantic, by leaving neither side any reason to expect support from America. To this extent the effort to carry the war into this country would, in the end, prove productive of good. Comment upon the purely political aspects of the Congo controversy is beyond the scope of The India Rubber World. We do not even know whether there is, or is not, a basis for the charge that commercial rather than humane motives have inspired what is called on the Continent the "British campaign" against the king of the Belgians. Our only reason for touching apon the matter at all is that it relates to a region which has become an important source of India-rubber supplies, and the effect of the ad- ministration of the Free State upon rubber production is a matter of interest alike to the United States and every other country where the Congo product is consumed. And in forming the views expressed below, we are not con- scious of having been influenced by any " reform " or com- mercial or other organization in England or elsewhere. The rate of increase in the production of rubber in the Congo Free State was for several years unprecedented in any country. Whereas, before the establishment of the State, practically no rubber had been exported from that region, the output soon attained the large volume of 1,5, 250,000 pounds for a single year. This was produced al- most wholly by the labor of natives, not before accustomed to sustained or continuous work of any kind, and supposed to be disinclined to all forms of industry. It is inconceiv- able that millions of these almost uncivilized blacks should suddenly, of their own accord, rush to the forests to extract rubber — for uses unknown to them, by foreign peoples whose very existence they were not aware of. Only extraordinary promises of compensation for their work could be expected to lead such simple minded folk to engage willingly in gathering rubber. But proof is lacking that even living wages are paid to the Congolese. The published official statistics of imports on the Congo fail to indicate any fair return to the natives for their work in preparing the great quantities of rubber sent out, and the fact that people in such circumstances exert themselves on so great a scale for practically no tangible compensation might readily give rise to reports that armed force is the real incentive. It certainly is pertinent to ask whether these conditions are favorable to the proper conservation of the rubber plants, without which the supply must ultimately cease, leaving the commerce of the Congo Free State, as now or- ganized, without any basis. The Congo exports have shown a falling off since 1901, although rubber from that source shared in the general advance in price which has stimulated the extraction of rubber in other parts of the world. What concerns the rubber manufacturers, there- fore, is not such questions regarding the Congo as have been debated in the British and Belgian parliaments, or such memorials as that presented at Washington. The question is whether the responsible heads of the Congo government are supporting or conniving at a policy of un- necessary exhaustion of important supplies of a much needed raw material. A STRANGE INDUSTRY " DISCOVERED. THE able Brooklyn Eagle has suddenly made the surpris- ing discovery that there is "value in old rubbers." But it is a bold assertion to make, that " Not one in a thousand New Yorkers is aware that one of the big industries of this country is the importation of old rubber shoes and goloshes." The latest official estimate of the population of the city (Aug- ust I, 1904) is 3,838,024. Is it not possible that two in a thous- and of all these people suspect the truth ? Our contemporary thus explains why it remained so long m ignorance of an important commercial movement: This importation has been going on for several years, and yet it has seemingly never attracted the attention of the alert chroniclers of inter- esting events, for the old shoes and goloshes have slipped into the country silently, hidden away on the manifests of the steamships and quickly sent to the consignees, who have eagerly paid the freight. If these consignees had not been so eager to pay the freight, possibly three in a thousand New Yorkers might have been in the secret by this time. NoVEMIiER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 35 The Eaj^le rxfxt tells us that "Primarily the cause for this strange industry is the ever-increasing demand for rubber in America." This certainly is clear enough, but what are we to understand from what follows : " The old rubber shoes come in bales, thousands of them every week, for the home con- sumption in Europe is not one-tenth of what it is in America." Does it mean that if the European consumption of rubber were larger, old rubber shoes from there might come in carboys in- stead of bales ? We cannot agree with our contemporary, however, that " All the old rubber shoes are gathered and shipped to Liver- pool, which is, so far, the only shipping point from which the rubber has come to this side." Isn't flamburg a "shipping point".' Or Odessa.' constructed in America are all rubber insulated, which fact may go far in rendering the world, in days to come, independ- ent of Gutta-percha in cable construction. After hearing for many months of an incredible number of "rubber factories " starting, or about to start, in Colorado, the old established manufacturers in the Eastern states, who have been trembling at the prospect of increased competition, doubtless will feel relieved to learn that the whole thing, alter all, possibly may have been a joke. The two extracts from able Colorado newspapers which follow may serve to throw a great light upon the subject: I. [From thr La Vhta Entertkisb.] The Alamosa InJependent Journal of last week tells what Ala- mosa has in the way of business and what they want. One thing they want is a rubber factory. La Veta can beat Alamosa on that point, as every time a pretty girl goes down the street several rub- ber factories can be seen at work. II. [From tiih Ai.amosa Independent Joupnai., SHiTEMrER 30.] That's right, brother ; you can beat us, because Alamosa girls are all pretty and the boys' necks are about woih out. That's the reason we want a rubber factory. Whatever may happen in other Colorado rubber centers, it does not appear likely that the old concerns have much to fear from the " rubber factories" of La Veta and Alamosa. The opening of cable communication to Alaska is an- other triumph for the India-rubber industry of the United States. When ocean cables first began to be planned the United States, comparatively speaking, were rich in nothing but territorial possessions. The people of this country were busy in subjugating a virgin soil, covered for the most part with a heavy forest growth, to cultivation, and establishing new towns along the lines of new railways built with the aid of capi- tal borrowed from Europe — and since repaid. The domestic requirements in the way of rubber goods were, it is true, sup- plied by home factories, but in no case did this call for such command of capital, by a single factory, as was involved in the building of ocean cables. Moreover, the American people were not then accustomed to making large investments abroad, such as would be required in large cable building operations. Hence the building of cables was allowed to proceed without much attention being paid to the subject on this side of the Atlantic. Recently, however, some American manufacturers have become determined to have a hand in submarine cable building, and within a short time they have constructed a greater length than would be required to cross the Atlantic twice, and the new cables are in successful operation. When the history of the new line to Alaska is written, it will be a story of overcoming difliculties unique in electrical engineer- ing, and this in a country which took up cable building fifty years later than our competitors in Europe. Last, but not least in point of interest, is the fact that the new cable lines "CEARA RUBBER" IN NICARAGUA. THE Nicaragua Rubber Co. was incorporated August 25. 1904, under the laws of New Jersey, to develop rubber plantations in the republic of Nicaragua and elsewhere. The company has been organized by the election of John E. Foster, of Corinto, Nicaragua, president ; Austin Van Gieson, of Newark, New Jersey, secretary ; and Charles M. Crawford, of New York, treasurer. The office of the company is at No. 800 Broad street, Newark. The company begins business by ac- quiring a plantation of CearS rubber near La Paz, Nicaragua, owned by Mr. Foster, who has been engaged in business in that republic for a number of years, and his partner, C. H. Mc- Laughlin. The cultivation of Ceard rubber {Manihot Glazovii) was be- gun in Nicaragua about four years ago. The splendid condi- tion of the plantings and the large yield and excellent quality of the product taken in trial tappings, give promise of the suc- cess of the enterprise. The Ceard rubber tree is a dry land plant and will not prosper in a wet soil. In congenial climatic conditions and soil its early and abundant product and excel- lent quality make it most profitable to plant. The location in which it is being planted in Nicaragua is a part of the districts of La Paz and Momotombo, where the Momotombo mountain, by driving the clouds to one side, protects this section from the force of the tropical rains, so that it is comparatively dry, re- ceiving just about enough water to grow corn, which is abund- and for Ceara rubber. The soil is sandy, with an admixture of a little clay, and very deep and level or slightly rolling. The elevation above the sea is some 300 feet. The section is trav- ersed by the Nicaragua Central railroad. The plantation of the Nicaragua Rubber Co. is the " San Nicolas," on which are the oldest and largest trees in this section. Three year old trees on this plantation measure 26 inches in girth three feet above the soil, and are over 30 feet high. That Ceara rubber will yield at two years of age has been proved on the "San Nicolas" and neighboring plantations. Twenty-one trees from 14 to 21 months, with an average age of 14 months, were tapped, and together gave i% pounds of dry rubber. A tree 15 months old gave 3 ounces of rubber. Many trials have been made, with like results. Still it is not intended to tap until the trees are four years old, in order not to retard the best development. It is expected that four-year- old trees will produce one pound of rubber per tree, and from that time the product will augment rapidly. There are now in the district, outside of native plantings, four American planta- tions of Manihot Glaziovii, the " San Nicolas," " La Victoria," " La Americano," and " El Trinufo," on which are planted some 200,000 trees, while as many more will be planted in another year. FOR VENEZUELAN DEVELOPMENT. A i'UBLiC company under the style Venezuela India Rubber Trust, Limited, was registered in Guernsey, England, October I ; capital, ;£65o,ooo [=$3,163,225], in £\ shares. Object, to acquire gum and essential oil enterprises, concessions, and properties, and India-rubber, Gutta-percha, and Balata forests, especially in the Orinoco valley, Venezuela ; to develop and exploit the same, and to carry on any business incidental or auxiliary thereto. The names of the first directors are not given. 36 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. THE EDITOR'S BOOK TABLE. SELF PROPELLED VEHICLES. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE Theory. Construction, Operation, Care, and Management of all Forms of Automobiles. By James E. Homans, a.m. Second Revised Edition. New York: Theo. Audel & Co. 1904. [Cloth. Svo. Pp. vii I 652. Price, $2.] THK object which the author has had in mind has been the production of a book that would be " serviceable to own- ers of automobiles and to those desiring to qualify as practical i-^rt;(^if«?.f, so far as the essential knowledge may be imparted by a book." He regards the automobile as a thoroughly prac- tical machine, though its use has, in many cases, proved unsat- isfactory — the builder often being blamed, when the fault lies with the owner, who has neglected to inform himself properly in regard to the construction of his machine, and how it should be used. Here, in more than two score chapters, are given, in simple and clear English, the principles of construction and operation, including suggestions for use in cases of emergency, the whole being illustrated by a large number of well chosen and well e.xecuted engravings. Two of the chapters are headed " Solid Rubber Tires " and "The Use and Effect of Pneumatic Tires." Comprising 41 pages, with 30 small illustrations, these chapters cover the theory of the utility of the rubber tire, and suggest the fitness of certain types to certain conditions, together with very full instructions in regard to repairs. DifTerent makes of tires, as well as of automobiles, are referred to, and frequent credit is given to authors and publications quoted. The fact that a second and enlarged edition of this book follows the first edition within two years is evidence of the existence of a practical demand for such a work. THE AMAZON: HISTORICAL, CHOROGRAPHICAL, AND STATIS- tical Outline, up to the Year 1903. By Lopes Gon^alycs. First Edition. New York : HugoJ. Hanf. 1904. [Cloth. Svo. Pp. ix-i-117 ; \'ni f 11::- Price. $1.50.] This is the English title of a book in two parts, one half of which contains the same matter in Portuguese, under the title " O Amazonas." The author is a distinguished member of the legal profession in Brazil, and a patriotic citizen of the Amazon state, as shown by the dedication of his book to two officials of the state who were influential in defending title to the Acre district as against Bolivia. The book is a handy and useful compendium of the history of Amazonas, and of facts regard- ing its natural resources and the development of its commerce. Naturally many references are made to India-rubber, which is the basis of the commerce of Manaos, the capital of the state, and of the shipping interests on the Amazon. The compila- tion of the work was incidental to the service of its author, first as a member of a commission to prepare a collection of Amazonas products for the St. Louis World's Fair, and later as the official representative of the state at the fair. BRAZIL AT THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, 1904. [Paper. Svo. Pp. 160 ] BRAZIL. [E.XTRACT FROM THE HISTORY OF THE LOUISIANA Purchase Exposition, Saint Louis, 1904.] [Paper. Folio. Pp. 20.] The B.azilian government made an appropriation equal to $600,000 for a proper representation at the St. Louis World's Fair, in consequence of which, not only was there erected a beautiful and extensive national pavilion, but creditable exhib- its of Brazilian natural and industrial products appeared in twelve of the fifteen departments of the fair. In the first of the publications of which the titles are given above, it is stated that the purpose is to serve rather as a souvenir of Brazil's participa- tion in the St. Louis fair than as a comprehensive description of the resources of Brazil, though it is expected that the book will prove of value as a starting point for future investigation. In spite of this modest announcement, it is not too much to say that the handsomely illustrated volume before us gives a better view of the manifold resources of the leading South American republic than has ever before appeared in the Eng- lish language. The volume concludes with a classified list of all the Brazilian exhibits at St. Louis, from which it appears that specimens of rubber formed a part of no less than 16 ex- hibits, from the states of Giao Para, Amazonas, Bahai, Matto Grosso, and Sao Paulo. The second publication mentioned is a well drawn up and handsomely illustrated description of the Brazilian Pavilion and its contents, with references to the principal resources of the republic. ANLEITUNG ZUR GEWICHTS-BERECHNUNG TECHNISCHER GUM- miwaren. Sowie /nr Ermitlelunc der Specitischen Zahlen. Von :*"rilz Mar- zoll. Dresden: Steinkopfl & Springer. 1904. [Cloth. 16 mo. Pp.38. Price 1.50 marks ] This is a guide to computing the weights of rubber goods of whatever kind, for the use of factory workers, dealers, or buy- ers of rubber goods, of particular use in cases where the sell- ing price, considered in relation to weights, in any sense indi- cates quality. Likewise, the specific gravity of rubber com- pounds is indicated. The weights of rubber tubes and rings, with the most usual dimensions of thickness, diameter, etc., are given in tabular form, together with like details for threads, valves, buffers, and the like. JUBILEE OF THE PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION OF CEYLON. 1854-1904. Illustrated Souvenir of the 7~//«^j i?/ C^-y/cn. Colombo: 1904. [Svo. 4S pages.] The association here named has done a work of incalculable value in advancing planting interests in Ceylon, and its lead- ers, whose lives are briefly sketched in this pamphlet, deserve a prominent place in the history of the island. To-day the association is devoting to the rubber planting interest, de- scribed in Mr. Pearson's letters in The India Rubber World, the same intelligent attention that, in earlier years, it gave to coffee, tea, and other products, and there is reason to believe that the results will be equally satisfactory. ARTICLES IN CURRENT PERIODICALS. A TROPOS d'un livre stir les plantes a Caoutchouc. By Aug. Cheval- ier. [Review of E. DeWildeman's " Les Lianes Caoutchoutiferes du Congo."^=^J\ivu( dis Cultures Colonialis, Paris. XV-I52 (July 5, 1904.) Le Manitoba de Bahia. By A. CakXiozo.=Journal d' Agticulture Tropicalc,V&\\^. IV-36 (June 30, 1904). Pp. 173-175. Onze hedendaagsche kennis van het Caoutchouc en zijn voorkomen in de natur. By W. R. Tromp de Haas (in Tcysmannia, Batavia.)=Z)tr Indische M/rcuur, Amsterdam. XXVII-26 (June 28, 1904). Pp. 461-462. Die Kickxia elaitica (Preuss) und ihre Kultur. By Max Zitzow. [An exhaustive paper on an .African rubber species of interest.] =Z'o(> ^42,403 ^32,933 a To Norway alone. d Not including Waterproofed Appaicl. GERMAN RUBBER GOODS EXPORTS TO SWEDEN. [Weights in Kilogravis.'] 1901. 1902. 1903. Rubber threads and sheets 17,300 35,000 31,100 Elastic tissues 145,200 135,300 146,500 Hard rubber goods 41,500 43,000 50,600 Fabrics and rubber — including tires. 16, goo 17,500 24,200 Hose (mechanical) 14,100 15,700 28,500 GERMAN IMPORTS FROM SWEDEN. 1901. 1902. 1903. Boots and shoes kilos 51,000 44,700 28,400 Corresponding details for Norway are not available from Germany. NnvFMni'.R I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 43 INSULATING MATERIALS IN HIGH TENSION CABLES.* Two insulating materials are now principally competing in the field of high tension cables — vulcanized rubber and paper impregnated with rosin and oil mixtures. Paper insulation has made great progress in the last few years. The utility of using good manila paper, laid on in thin and regular layers, without wrinkles and crumpling, has been recognized, and also the utility of having it properly des- sicated, at a moderate temperature, in a vacuum, and impreg- nated with a compound of rosin, or wax, or asphalt, with min- eral, or castor, or linseed, or some other oil, that does not be- come brittle or pulverize with age. But rubber also has made progress ; and if some feared formerly that it would decay with age, it is now certain that first class rubber cables, well vulcan- ized, and removed from the infiuence of brush discharges in the air, or not alternately dry and wet, will last indefinitely. Rubber has a dielectric strength much higher than impreg- nated paper. Testing good rubber cables in such lengths as to include the inevitable irregularities of manufacture, with ten- sions progressively increasing and subjected to dielectric strain at least one hour, we can easily obtain for the rubber a dielec- tric strength of 12 to 15 kilovolts per millimeter. Paper in the same conditions would only stand 8 to 10 kilovolts per milli- meter. These numbers represent as good an average as we can reach in normal manufacturing; it is not rare to find 20 to 30 per cent, more, or even higher percentages, but we cannot reckon upon these. The higher dielectric strength of rubber brings us to the conclusion that the use of rubber for very high tension will extend more and more. * * * A CAUSE of inferiority of the rubber is the lesser homoge- neity of Its products. It is not uncommon to find that two cables, manufactured in the same manner, with the same qual- ity of rubber, afford a very different resistance to perforation — a difference, say, of 30 to 40 or 50 per cent. Paper cables are more homogeneous. The figures relative to dielectric strength given above are the result of a great number of tests made by the author on cables of various mikers. They do not take ac- count of some exceptionally high strengths; I found some pieces of rubber cable to withstand 20 to 25 kilovolts per milli- meter. The elasticity of rubber gives it a great superiority over paper. A paper cable with large thickness of paper can not be easily bent, especially in cold weather, owing to crack- ing ; on the other hand, the manufacture of concentric, or stranded, multiple core cables is simpler in the case of paper cables, for the insulating material can be uniformly distributed in the interspaces among the conductors, which remain buried in the insulator, which is not possible with rubber. The great success of paper cables is a consequence of their lower price. But very high tensions require such a greater thickness of paper, that the cost of the paper added to the extra price for the larger quantity of lead, steel, tape, etc., per- mits the rubber to win in the competition. The problem of manufacturing high tension cables would be simpler if the gradient of the potential within the body of the •The matter presented herewith consists of a series of paragraphs selected from an exhaustive paper presented at the International Electrical Congress, at St. Louis, by Sienor Emmanuel Jona, chief electrician of the establishmeiu of Pirelli & Co. (Milan). ;tnd a delegate to the congress from the Associazione Klet- trotecnia Italiana. There is not sp.tce in these pages for all the data introduced by the author as the basis for liis conclusions ; but without these the paper, though incomplete, will not fail to be of interest, in connection with the relative merit of rubber and paper as insulating materials.— The Editor. insulator was constant. Suppose a 38 square millimeter cable insulated to 14.5 millimeters outer diameter, and working at 25,000 volts. The layer near the copper supports a strain of 5000 volts per millimeter, while near the lead the stress is only 1200 volts per millimeter. Should the stress be constant throughout, each layer of i millimeter would support a strain of 2270 volts, and the cable would be much safer. We could then also diminish the thickness of the insulation to, say, 5 millimeters, letting every layer work at 5000 volts. * * • Without claiming to get an absolutely constant gradient, we can, therefore, try to have the potential better distributed along the radius of the insulation, and at the same time use in the proper place materials having greater dielectric strength, by making the insulating layers of different materials specially chosen. This method I studied and applied to the manufac- ture of high tension cables, as early as 1S98. Such cables, con- sisting of conductors first insulated with several layers of rub- ber, on which were wound layers of paper or jute, were patent- ed by Messrs. Pirelli & Co. [Milan, Italy], March, 1900. A cable of this kind was working at 25,000 volts, during the I^aris exhibition of 1900. The specific inductive capacity of paper cables varies from 3 to 4, according to the type of paper and mixture adopted. The inductive capacity of paper is about 2 ; that of rosin 2 to 3, ac- cording to its origin ; and mixtures of rosin, oil, paraffin, ozo- kerite, and other materials, have a capacity of 3 to 4, or even more. For example, lubricating oil 55 parts, rosin 560, paraffin 224, ozokerite 160, has a standard inductive capacity of 3.6; oxydized linseed oil 90. rosin 370, Arkangel pitch 70, have 4.4 ; Arkangel pitch itself has 59; a mixture with Gallipot, instead of rosin — for example. Gallipot 600, Arkangel pitch 1 10 and lin- seed oil 130 — has 4.8 ; a mixture of lubricating oil 9, rosin 52, black ozokerite 23, white ozokerite 16, has only 3 55. It appears from these figures that it is possible to have a large range of inductive capacity with paper cables. But as they are impregnated in mass, the entire mass has the same standard in- ductive capacity unless we change the type of paper, by usingi for example, paper loaded with some materials, as suggested very ingeniously by Mr. 0"Gorman. * » * Ox the contrary, it is easy to use different rubbers having varied standard inductive capacity, for rubber is put on in suc- cessive layers which can be quite different one from another, and which have no tendency to mingle together, either during or after manufacture. The cables I alluded to are manufac- tured with layers of various qualities of rubber in the inner part of the insulation ; but as soon as the gradient of potential be- comes so diminished as to allow the use of paper, the insula- tion is continued with paper, and after the paper with jute, if the gradient is sufficiently low to allow the use of jute. The rubber insulation is generally first vulcanized and the conductor tested in water, as usual, before adding the outer layers of paper and jute. Pure vulcanized rubber has an inductive capacity something like three as an average ; but it is very easy to " load " the rubber with large quantities of extraneous materials, which, without sensibly lessening its specific dielectric strength, aug- ment the capacity very much. A rubber with 58 per cent. Para, 2 per cent, sulphur, 26 per cent, talc and 14 per cent. 44 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. oxide of zinc, has a dielectric strength comparable to that of pure vulcanized Pard { 1 5 to 20 kilovolts per millimeter) ; and a specific inductive capacity of 4 to 4.2. A rubber with 64 per cent. Para, S per cent, sulphur, 16 per cent, talc, 8 per cent, minium, 4 per cent, oxide of zinc has about the same dielec- tric strength as above mentioned, while its specific capacity reaches five. A rubber largely loaded with sulphur and talc' for example, Para 100, talc 40, and sulphur 40, has a capacity as high as 6.10, with a dielectric strength of the same order of magnitude as before. A mixture of Pard 40, carbonate of lime 45, sulphur 5. has a standard inductive capacity of 4.6. Very large variations of capacity, accompanied by high dielectric strength, are obtained by loading rubber with more or less sul- phur and golden sulphurate of antimony still remaining first- class rubber. Much larger capacitier., 10 to 12, are to be ob- tained, of course, by using very large percentages of India-rub- ber substitutes, such as gypsum, lime, baryta, etc. ; but we then arrive at inferior classes of rubber, which have not a dielectric strength to be compared with the above-mentioned combina- tions. » • » It is very easy to manufacture rubber cables with layers dis- posed in the order of decreased specific capacity, from the center to the circumference. These cables will aflord a more uniform gradient to an alternating current, and hence more safety, with equal thickness. By using paper on the rubber, as above explained, we concentrate the more costly rubber insula- tion in the inmost part of the cable, where its higher specific strength is actually utilized. A sahiple of a single core cable made by this method for 50- kilovolt effective tension, between the copper and the outer sheathing, has the following specifications: Conductor, 19-wire strand, each wire 3,3 millimeters diameter ; section of copper 162 square millimeters. The strand is put in a lead tube hav- ing 18 millimeters outer diameter. It is insulated with a first layer of rubber, 2.5 millimeters thick, having a specific in- ductive capacity of 6.1 ; then with a second and a third layer of rubber of respectively 2.3 and 4.5 millimeters thick and 47 to 4.2 standard inductive capacity. On the rubber there is a layer of impregnated paper 5.2 millimeters thick, having a standard jnductive capacity of 4. The cable is then lead-cov- ered. The total thickness of insulation is 14.5 millimeters. At 50,000 volts, the maximum strain in the first layer of rub- ber is 4400 volts per millimeter; in the second layer it is 445° volts, in the third 4150 and in the paper 3250 volts per milli- meter. With a homogeneous dielectric, the maximum strain would be 5800 volts. This cable was tested for one hour at each of the following voltages : 35,000 effective volts, 40,000, 45,000, 50,000, 55,000, 60,000, 65,000, 70.000, 75,000, So,ooo, 85,- 000, 90,000, 95,000, and four hours at 100,000 volts without per- foration. After the 80,000 volts test, its temperature was a few degrees higher than that of the room ; and after four hours at 100,000 volts, twenty degrees centigrade higher. * * * Gutta-percha possesses also very great dielectric strength, comparable to that of good rubber, 15 to 20 kilovolts per milli- meter. It is not used for insulating cables for lighting or power purposes, because of its very high price, and also its especially low melting point. Such cables can easily reach a temperature which softens Gutta-percha. A possible applica- tion of Gutta-percha is for cables crossing lakes, rivers, and, generally speaking, for laying in cold water. It is then advis- able to make a first layer of rubber insulation, on which Gutta- percha is laid so that the latter, being in contact with external cold water, can not heat very much. Many manufacturers do not trust the impermeability of rubber cables, and this external coat of Gutta-percha, absolutely waterproof, adds its own di- electric strength to that of rubber and obviates the inconven- ience of having a heavy lead pipe, as employed by the manu- facturers to which I have alluded. It is often advisable in such cables to avoid splices, and for the sake of facility of transport and laying, they can be single cored, rather than three cored. I may add that single core cables for very high tensions, re- quiring generally a low current strength, can often be armored with steel wires; the steel wires can be separately wrapped with tarred manila, in order to lessen the section of the metal and increase the magnetic and electric resistance of the cross circuit. For example, a 2.5 millimeter steel wire wrapped to 5 or 6 millimeters with manila, may be used without any great inconvenience from hysteresis or self-induction ; the drop of pressure by self-induction can have in such cables no more im- portance than the drop by ohmic resistance. » » ♦ I WOULD like to add something on the properties of various in- sulating materials. These materials are influenced by Rontgen rays, which lessen their specific insulation and perhaps also their dielectric strength. But cables are not made to be submitted to such rays, although they often experience brush discharges and some other emanations, which may have similar influences. I should like to add that temperature lessens the resistance of the insulation very quickly, as expressed in megohms. A pa- per cable at 35' Centigrade shows but one-thirtieth of the me- gohms it has at 15° Centigrade. But temperature has very little influeuce upon strength to resist breakdown. Palm oil melted at 50° Centigrade gives a strength corresponding to that of the best oils for transformers at ordinary temperature. I have drawn experimental curves of dielectric strength of melted par- affin at 55 Centigrade and at 85° Centigrade from 10 up to 160 kilovolts; they are very similar. This allows us to conclude that in this respect cables cannot differ very much. I have tested two reels of paper cables, each cut in five pieces, im- mersed in baths at zero, 1 5', 35°, 70°, and 100° Centigrade. The dielectric strength did not lessen by raising temperature, per- haps at zero it was less than at 70°. I noted in some oils some- thing similar, but dielectric strength is too complex a phenom- enon to be discussed on small experimental differences. Of course, that cannot justify us in working at high tensions with cables too highly heated, for it is probable that heat would fa- cilitate a chemical decay of the dielectric; but a momentary elevation of temperature is not so much to be feared as one would think at first sight. THE WEARING OF RUBBER COLLARS. THE New York Press says that Mr. Duke, " worth millions, all of which he made out of tobacco, is not the only person in the world who wears rubber collars. They are be- coming popular with schoolboys on account of their economy. Seven linen collars a week cost to launder fourteen cents. A rubber collar, price thirty-five cents, can be cleaned without trouble every morning, or a dozen times a day, and will last three months. As an experiment, I tried one of these collars on a fishing trip and it was not a success. Being impervious, it caused the neck to sweat too freely and kept the neckband of the shirt wringing wet. Others have had the same experience. For ten years the manufacturers have moved heaven and earth in vain to induce the trade to handle these rubber collars. Their business is confined to two small shops in this city. Per- haps if they would judiciously advertise, something might be accomplished. They might build up a mail order business." NoVEMIiER I, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD 45 VULCANIZATION OF RUBBER BY ELECTRICITY. ONE of the most interesting recent developments in the line of rubber manufacture is the Riddle process for the vulcanization of rubber by electric heat, gener- ated either in press, vulcanizer, mold, support, or former. The inventor and patentee of tlie processes and ma- chinery is Mr. Howard S. Riddle, for six years mechanical ^^ ^^^ That this process has an almost infinite number of applica- tions in the manipulation of rubber is at once apparent. Those cited by the inventor relate chiefly to the closing of the mold and the curing of t he rubberin molds for tires of the single tube and clincher variety, in curing hose by sending a current through the mandrel on which it is made, in closing the platens of a press for regular mold work, in heating the platens, and in closing tl'.e door of a vulcanizer and holding it tightly while the ^-e< tv: 2^ •^9- [3^ y& ,*SS I-'IG. I.— Mold for curiiiK Single Tube Tires. Desctiption: 10, II. upper and lower halves of mold ; 12, rubber tire ; 13, valve stem ; 14, 15, coils for magnetiz- ing and heating upper half of mold; 16, 17, coils for magnetizing and heating lower half of molds. engineer for The Diamond Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), and an expert both in mechanics and electricity. Patents have been secured by him in Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium. Holland, Italy, Switzerland, Russia, Finland, Japan, Australia, Mexico, Canada, the United States, and some South American countries. The inventions consist, broadly stated, in making use of an electric current, to close the parts of a mold, or the platens of a press, and also to heat electrically the molds or the platens and thus eflect vulcanization. The currents used are preferably the direct, for closing, and the alternating, for heating. While neither current is strong enough to be in the slightest degree dangerous, any degree of heat up to 400° F. is easily obtained, and may be controlled with absolute accuracy for any length of ^o ^a FIG 2 —Mold for curiiigClincher Tires. Description : i8, 19, upper and lower halves of mold ; 20, clincher lire; 21, key piece; 2a, infiat- iiig ha^ ; 23, valve stem; 24. single magnetizing antl he.iting coil, with wires running through valve stem. I'"Ki 4. — Curing Hose. J >r'5cyiption : 4g, mandni connected at ends for electric heating by direct current ; 48, rubber covering to be vulcanized. whole interior is electrically heated and vulcanization goes on. Of plans for heating mixing and calender rolls, of curing dry heat goods such as shoes, clothing, dress shields, etc., no specific mention is made, although they all come under the broad claims that are allowed. No adaptation of the new process however, seems to fit the curing of dipped goods, and that seems to be the only exception as far as gen- eral lines go. The electric heat is developed by placing magnet coils in re- cesses or grooves in the faces of the platens or molds, connecting with an alternating current, which establishes rapidly alternating magnetic fields with the attend- ing hysteresis effects, and foucault or eddy currents. The mold is closed by the magnetic attrac- tion of its parts induced by an electric current passing through coils imbedded in the parts of the mold. A magnetic press is also used to perform the work of the old hydraulic presses, and is operated by a solenoid — and a series of toggles and bell crank levers. There are many obvious advantages to the new process. It does away with bolts and clamps for molds, steam chambers for presses and tubing machines, leaky valves, and new pack- ing, and it is claimed that the actual cost of operation is about one-half of that of steam. jes^ ^350. Hose nozzle. F. J. Christraan, Syracuse, N. Y. 771,360. Fountain pen. A. Eberstein, Winthrop, Mass. , assignor to C. Brandt, Boston. 771,388. Clamp for closing leaks (for water pipes and the like ; involv- ing a rubber packing ring]. F. A. Nusbaum, Dayton, Ohio. 771,435. Handle for hand stamps [partly of rubber], S. W. Metcalf, Sisson, Calif. 771,439. Hose coupling. J. F. McElroy, Albany, N. V., assignor to Consolidated Car Heating Co. 771,445. Rim for rubber tired wheels. O. L. Pickard, Chicago. 771,538. Wheel rim for follow tires. E. M. Downs, Chicago. 771,546. Sponge cup. [Cup made of rubber; having an opening at the top to receive the sponge, the opening being smaller than the body of the cup. and strengthened by a band surrounding the opening.] T. L. Harding and H. E. Heal, New York city. 771,600. Douche apparatus. W. J. Bauer, Syracuse, N. Y. 771,640. Vehide tire. [A continuous channel base of metal; a band within said channel, and a rubber tread molded around the band.] W. R. Howe, New York city. 771,651. Wheel [having a tire comprising a plurality of sections pivoted directly to the rim of the wheel, each section being independent of the others, and means to cushion each section to the rimj. E. S. Lea, Rutherford, N. J. 771,674. Fastening device for pneumatic tires. T. Sloper, Devizes, England, assignor to C. H. Gray, Silvertown. 771,677. Machine for making dress shields. A. C. Squires, Akron, Ohio. Trade Marks. 43.435- Dress shields. C. F. Hovey&Co., Boston, Mass. Essential /M/Kr^.— The word PEARL. Used since Feb., 1893. 43,459 Rubber tires for vehicles. The Hartford Rubber Works Co. Essential feature.— T:\ie word GLADIATOR. Used since Aug. I, 1904, [N0T8.— Printed copies of speciticalions of United States patents may be ob tained from The India Rubber World office at lo cents each, postpaid.] 52 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [NOVEMRER 1, 1904. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Patent Specifications Published. The number Riven is ihat assigned to the Patent at the filing of the Applica- tion, which in the case of those listed below was in 190,^. * Denotes Ptitenis/or Antertcan Inventions. [Abstracted in thk Official Journal, SEPTHMitp.R 7, 1904.] 10,667 (1903). Electric cable. [Relates to the winding of a Gutta- percha covered cable with strips of iron wire passed through Chat- terton compound or other insulating material.] S. G. brown, Lon- don. 10,670 (1903). Boot soles and heels. T. Burrell, North Melbourne, Australia. 10,804 (1903). Pneumatic tire [with means of attachment to wooden rims]. R. Evans, London. 10,815 (1903). Pneumatic tire [having covers provided with tape or webbing to facilitate repairs]. A. J. Clitheroe, Ilford, Essex. * 10,826 {1903). Elastic tire [of solid rubber, in which wire staples are embedded to form a cross support for the retaining bands]. J. Coomber and three others, New York city. 10,911 (1903). Antimacassar clips [with rubber vacuum pads for the support]. C. T. Gann and F. R. Keef, London. 10.941 (1903). Rubber cords [for tire fabrics]. Christian H. Gray, of The India-Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Co., Sil- vertown, and T. Sloper, Britto.x. 10.942 (1903). Formers for making pneumatic tires. Same. '0,943 ('903)- Pneumatic tire [of special fabric]. Same. 11,047(1903). Exercising apparatus. F. W. Croucher, Fleet, Hamp- shire. 11,163(1903). Machinery belting [formed of canvas strips, treated with a solution of fndia-rubber, Gutta-percha, or the like]. A. Hay, Glasgow. [Abstracted in the Official Journal, Sefthmi.er 14, 1904. J 11,171 (if)03). Golf ball [marked with a view to giving the player a line of sight upon the ball in the direction in which he wishes to play]. G. \V. Dawes, Roslyn, Lancashire. 11,197 (1903). Boot heels. B. Hopkinson and two others, London. 11,207 (1903). Method of molding pneumatic tire treads. W. P. Thompson, Liverpool. P. Eichmann, Frankfort o/M., Germany. 11,291 (1903). Dress shield. [Means of retaining it in place when worn.] J. P. Wille, London. 1 1,294 (1903). Pneumatic tire protector. [A cover of interlaced metal rings, with a leather backing.] C. Keddie, London. 11,321 (1903). Life belt and deck seat combined. C. H. Le Moult, Hamburg, Germany. Ili345 (1903). Elastic tire. [A thin steel tire of elliptical lection. having an India rubber tread.] W. Scott, Plymouth. *ii,39i (1903). Hose coupling. F. E. Paradis, Chicago, Illinois. 11,508 (1903) Heel protector. G. R. Holding, London. 11,651(1903). Rubber threads and fabrics [for pneumatic tires, hose pipes, and the like]. C. H. Gray, Silvertown, and T. Sloper, Brittox. "11,656(1903). Golf ball and method of manufacture. F. H. Rich- ards, Hartford, Connecticut. •11,657 (1903). Golf ball and method of manufacture. Same. [Abstracted in the Official Journal, Seftember ^i, 1904.] 11,785 (1903). Golf ball making machine. [For winding rubber tape or thread on cores.] M. McDaid, Edinburgh. 11,895 (1903). Nursing bottle [with rubber tube inserted through the M. D. Armstrong, Forest Gate, Essex. Pneumatic carpet cleaning device. .S. Harvey, Not- stopper]. 11,904 (1903). tingham. 11,007 (1903). 12,059 (1903) Nursing bottle. G. Raines, London. Golf ball [with core made from a length of rubber tub- ing, which is stretched on a stepped mandrel and while in high tension longitudinally is rolled back on itself, producing a ring] P. A. Martin, Birmingham. 12,066 (1903). Rubber heel and sole. C. D. Douglass, Belfast. 13,110 (IQ03). Horseshoe pad. G. Topp, Frankfort o/M., Germany. 12,204(1903). Deformity appliance. [Plate of rubber, stiffened with steel wire and held in position on the toe by rings and bands.] H. J. Pond, Norwich. 12,211 (1903). Horse collar with pneumatic pad. ]. E. Chiloteguy, Buenos Ayres. Argentina. 12,307 (1903). Boot heel and sole. G. Looms, Market Harborough. 12,319(1903). Corset [with rubber breast forms]. M. I. Teufel. Stuttgart, Germany. [Abstracted in the Official Journal, SErTEMBER 28, 1904.] 12,427 (1903). Pneumatic tire. [Relates to means of attachment to rim ] J. von Zastrow, Dinker, Westphalia, Germany. 12,576(1903). Scraper for cleaning printers' rolls. J. Honeyman and A. Smith, Liverpool. •12,603(1903), Bottle stopper[wilh rubber disc]. H. C. Heide, Lon- don. (A. L. Weissenthanner, New York.) * 12.613 (1903). Fountain pen. H. B. Levy, New York city. 12,647 (1903). life for railway cars. F. Stephan, Mlihlhausen, Cler- many. * 12 717 (1903). Golf ball |in which driving power is obtained by em- ploying a winding of stretched and twisted rubber strips, by means of which a large number of air cells are formed in the ball]. K. V. Painter, Cleveland, Ohio. 12,847 (i9'53). Apparatus for molding and vulcanizing the covers of "tubeless" pneumatic tires. L. Johnstone, Prestwich, near Man- chester. •12,858(1903). Golf ball. [Described in The India Rukber World. August i, 1904 — page 383.] C. B. Elliott, Menlo Park, New Jersey. Patents Atplied For — 1904. Space is given here only to Applications for Patents on Inventions from the United States. 20,395. W. P. Thompson, Liverpool. Means for ascertaining pres- sure in pneumatic tires. (The Wray Pump and Register Co., United States.) Sept. 21. GERMAN EMPIRE. Design Patents Granted [Gebrauchsmuster]. 231,162 (Class 3i5). Suspenders made of inelastic bands having rubber loops on the front ends. G. Hohn, Goslar. Aug. 24. 231,544 (CI. 63.?). Attachment for vehicle wheels, consisting of a soft rubber rim which has in its lower part a metallic foundation im- bedded in hard rubber. B. Panzer, Berlin. Aug, 3:. 231,886 (CI. 65i!'). Rubber tire containing a spiral wire tube fastened into the part that enters the felloe. Hannoversche-Gummi-Kamm Co., A.G., HannoverLimmer. Aug. 31. 231,773 (CI. bid). Sound deadener for doors, consisting of a rubber roller running upon a spring. J. Ruschmeyer, Berlin. Aug. 31. 232,121 (CI. 305'). Nursing bottle having a connecting tube screwed into an inside sleeve of the nipple. M. Ochsler & Son, Ansbach. Sept. 7. 232,520 (CI. lig). Roller on typewriting machine with rubber cover- ing of one piece of which the core consists of a porous elastic sub- stance, pressed together for deadening the sound. M. Erdmann, Finsterwald. Sept. 14. 232,479 (CI. 3oi). Rubber plates for fastening lower sets of teeth to the under jaw. G. Wolf, Krefeld. Sept. 14. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. Patents Issued (With Dates of Application). 341,781 (March 31, 1904). E. Verlage. Pneumatic tire. 341,817 (March 31). A. von Ltide. Method for fastening pneumatic tires to motor wheels. 341,877 (April 5). J. P, Ebiay. Double air chamber. 341,902 (April 6). L. Lander. Anti slipping device for tires. 341,906 (April 6), J. Rejzek and R. Jelen. Removable rubber heel for shoes. 341,984 (March 7). T. E. A. Jouard. Solid rubber rim wheel, with spring spokes, for motor cars. 342,062 (April 9). Levy. Pneumatic tire. 342,070 (April II). J. de Pontonx. Tires for automobiles. 342,151 (April 7). L, O. Lecccq. Elastic tire. 342,174 (April 9). C. Minke. Felloe with detachable flange for rub- ber tires. 342,385 (April 16). J. Cerqueda, Anti slipping device for pneumatic tires. 342,454 (April ig). J. L, Brown and B, King, Protecting device for pneumatic tires. 342,472 (April 20). R. Bellingham and J. Bloomfield. Pneumatic tire. 342,638 (April 26). H. J. Gaisman. New elastic woven tissue. INoTB — Printed copies of specifications of French patents may be obtained from R. Bobet, lugeuieur-Conseil, 16 avenue de Villiers, Paris, «l 50 cents each, poil paid.] November i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER "WORLD XIX The place wHere 3000 busy worKmeii daily add to tl\e store of good thing's in rubber. The home of Goodrich Rubber Goods MecKanical Rubber Goods Druggists', Surgeons' and Stationers' Rubber Sundries Automobile Tires Carriag'e Tires Bicycle Tires HasKell Golf Balls TRADE w ■•U.J- MARK THE B. F. GOODRICH COMPANY AliRON RUBBER WORKS AIIRON, OHIO BRANCHES NEW YORK 66 Reade Street and 1625 Broadway CHICAGO 141 Lake Street BOSTON 157 Summer Street PHILADELPHIA 922 Arch Street BUFFALO Q W. Huron Street CLEVELAND 42 Superior Street LONDON, 7 Snow Hill, E. C. Mention The India liubber World whr.n you, write. DETROIT 80 East Congress Street DENVER 1444 Curtis Street SAN FRANCISCO 392 Mission Street " THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. :©; :©: li:©: :©: :©: :©: :©: :©: :©: :©: :©: :©: :©: n:©: :©: :©: :©: ^:©: :©: :©: :©; :©; :©: :©: :©: mM m m m New York Belting and Packing Co., Ltd. Manufacturers of tKe Kig'Hest grades of ALL RINDvS OF HOvSE -^ INCLUDING ^ Air BraKe, A.ir Drill, Bre-wers', Car Heating', Dredg'ing Sleeves Eng'ine and Tender, Fire, Garden, Gas, Linen, Mill, Pneumatic Tool Sig'nal, Steam, Suction and W^ater Hose -Also a complete line of fine MecKanical Rubber Goods Nos. 91-93 Chambers Street, New YorK 1 m. m m) mj m ©jLg|^]|©|'g][g|Hl^g[gHES[^H^iMI^SffillMI[^SSSSLS[S Mention The India Kubber World when you write. ECGE SIQNUM. THOROUGHLY RELIABLE. The policy of furnishing only the finest goods that can be produced with perfect materials, latest and best machinery, and highly skilled work- men of long experience, has been, is now, and will continue to be, the policy of The Mechanical Rubber Company, CHICAGO, ILL. Branch Store, No. 1810 Blake Street, Denver, Colo., where we carry a full line of goods. Manufacturers of all kinds of rubber goods for mechanical uses — Hose, Belting, Packing, Gaskets, Bicycle Tires, Specialties, Moulded Goods, Etc., Etc. ) SEND TO US FOR SAMPLES AND V QUOTATIONS If you are unable to satisfy your trade with goods vou are supplying, li you are in search of good goods at fair prices. If you cannot get quick deliveries, / If you are not getting fair value for your money, \ wE CAN SUIT YOU EVERY WAY. IN ANY EVENT, J FACTORY, GRAND AVE. i ROCKWELL STS THE MECHANICAL RUBBER CO., 230 Randolph St., Chicago, MfMiiin the India Rubber World wihen iicm v^t'e November i, 1904.] THE INDIA RUBBER W^ORLD 53 THE NEW CABLE TO ALASKA THE territory of Alaska, which is daily becoming more and more important from a commercial standpoint, was. pre- vious to October 10, isolated from regular telegraphic communi- cation with the United States and the outside world. Although telegraph lines have been built under the most discouraging circumstances, connecting the principal govern- ment posts in Alaska, it was necessary, in order to reach the United States, to have these messages repeated over Lnglish lines running through British Columbia. The severe weather of those latitudes during six months of the year makes it almost impossible to maintain these lines in working condition, and at the same time it was not thought desirable to have the official news of our army outposts transmitted over English circuits. To obviate this difficulty. General A. W. Greely, chief signal officer of the United States army, drew a plan whereby Alaska could be in direct communication with the home country by the use of a deep sea ocean cable. An appropriation was made by the Fifty-eighth Congress to carry out this plan. In looking over the situation, it was found that difficulties were to be encountered never before met in submarine cable engineering, as this line was to be laid in a latitude not pre- viously reached by submarine cables. The question of the ex- cessive cold to be met with, the glaciers, that were continually discharging their mountains of ice directly along the course of the cable, and the practically unchartered waters, were a few of the engineering points to be overcome. The unbroken line of success that was met with in connect- ing together the various Philippine islands by ocean cables of American manufacture, led General Greely to again pin his faith on seamless rubber insulations, and in considering the sub- ject of specifications, he consulted with the company that had manufactured the Philippine islands cable. It was decided that a copper conductor consisting of nine strands should be used, insulated with: (i) A seamless cover- ing of pure Pard rubber ; and (2) a covering of vulcanized rub- ber, also applied in a seamless manner. The conductor was then served with jute, and protected with steel armor wires, having a tensile strength exceeding 200,000 pounds per square inch, these being in turn protected with a jute and asphalt compound. Three types of cable were designed for this work : (i) The Shore-end, which was protected by a double armor of great strength, the finished cable weighing 20.000 pounds per mile, the Shore end type extending from the landing stations well out into deep water, where (2) an Intermediate type was spliced on, having a single serving of heavy armor wires. After reach- ing a point 100 miles from the shore, and where a depth of 2000 feet was found, (3) the Deep-sea type, having a lighter armor wire, was laid, this latter being the principal type of cable used, and out of the entire length of 2088 miles, 1500 miles were of this class. This cable was manufactured at the Bayonne plant of The Safety Insulated Wire and Cable Co. (New York) two ship loads being sent around Cape Horn, and 35 car-loads across the continent. The great advantage of India-rubber over Gutta-percha as an insulator was readily shown in this work, as the cable shipped around the "Horn" was transported in commercial steamers, and did not require the iron tanks, tilled with water, which would have been imperative had Gutta-percha been used as an insulator, to prevent the dielectric from softening, while it would otherwise have been impossible to ship that form of cable in freight cars across the continent. The conductors were transported to the United States cable- ship Burnside at Seattle, and were laid under the personal supervision of Colonel James Allen, of the Army signal service, assisted by officers of his corps. This cable is the longest span having rubber insulation thus far laid, and when it is consid- ered that the greatest depth reached was approximately 10,000 feet (nearly two miles) it will again prove beyond a doubt that rubber insulation, applied by special methods designed by American engineers, has every advantage over the old type of Gutta-percha cable. In the manufacture of this cable over 365 000 pounds of high grade Para rubber compound were used, and cable companies need not longer fear the extinction of the Gutta-percha tree, which for twenty years past has been their bi'lenoir. There are now in actual daily operation approximately 5000 miles of rubber insulated deep sea cables manufactured by the Safety company, covering the extremes of temperature, from the torrid waters of the Philippines to the ice bound seas of Alaska. This success is evidence of the far sighted policy of the United States government, in trusting to American engineer- ing ability, while at the same time encouraging home indus- tries, a policy which might be followed to the great advantage of our commercial companies in the purchase of future ocean cables. The distance from Seattle (state of Washington) to Sitka is about 970 miles ; from Sitka to Fort Liscum, at Valdez. Alaska, is 565 miles, making a total of 1535 miles from Seattle to Val- dez. From Sitka a branch extends to Skagway, a distance of 292 miles, touching at Juneau and Haines Mission. This ser- vice connects with the extensive overland telegraph system already established by the United States government in Alaska, and with certain existing submarine communications between military posts, in addition to which is to be considered the wireless telegraph service maintained by the government across Norton sound, between Nome and St. Michaels, a distance of 108 miles. The completion of the cable system was signalized by the sending of the following despatch : Sitka, Alaska, October 6, 1904. — To the A'ewspafers of Seattle ana the Associated Press : The completion of the government cable from Valdez to Sitka, making a complete connection by an all-American line with 46 stations in Alaska, is the beginning of a new era for Alaska. Wagon roads and railways will open up the greatest mining center of the world. Other industries will quickly follow and insure this coun- try's future prosperity. WILLIAM L. distin. Acting Governor of Alaska. ANOTHER PACIFIC CABLE PROPOSED. Articles of incorporation for the North American Telegraph Cable Co. were filed at Seattle, Washington, on May 5, 1904, which provide for the building of a submarine cable from Seattle to Valdez and other points in Alaska, and thence to Vladivostock, Russia. The incorporators were Judge Thomas Burke, Robert Moran, A. E. Lathrop, J. T. Flynn, and other residents of Seattle. The last named is editor of The Midnight Sun. a Seattle journal devoted to Alaskan commerce. Judge Burke represents the interest in the enterprise of the Great Northern railway. It is the intention of the company to inter- est capital in extending the United States government cable to Russia, this making another length across the Pacific ocean. Nothing, of course, will be done until the end of the Russian- Japanese war, when active steps will be taken to complete this work. The Seattle- Valdez cable being a government line will, of course, be open to transmit all message* for the new com- pany as far as their line extends, where it is the intention to transfer them to their own cable. 54 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1904. THE SINGAPORE GUTTA-PERCHA TRADE. TO THE EDITOR OF "THE STRAITS TIMES " (SINGAPORE). VOUR informant on Gutta adulteration evidently knows very little of the article, and his fantastic and misleading statements ought, I think, in the interests of the reputation of Singapore trade, to be contradicted. The shipments of Gutta from London to Singapore represent to a great extent Singapore consignments sent back to their unlucky shippers. The principal consumers ol Gutta having now their buyers in Singapore, will buy nothing in the London market, and certain qualities were absolutely unsalable in London, although prices in Singapore had gone very high. The consequence was that several lots have been brought back. If Batata has been imported, it must have been in quantities of not very much importance. Besides, as you know, there are hundreds of different sorts of Gutta, worth from $5 — up to S700 — per pikul [=i33/j pounds], according to their special merits Every small place where the article is collected sends to Singapore different sorts, which you must divide again into dif- ferent graduations according to quality, so that every single piece of Gutta has to be valued separately and you must even cut them through, because you mostly find that the inside of a piece is quite different to the outside. You also probably will know that a very large quantity of this Gutta has always been boiled and mixed again in Singapore by half a dozen large Chinese dealers. Thisisdone partly to utilize numerous small lots of Gutta yvhich on account of their irregular supply cannot be sold as they are. and many pieces refused by the European buyer on account of their adulteration with wood or stones, which for that reason have to be cut into small pieces and cleaned. The reboiling is also done to utilize inferior qualities, which unless mixed with better qualities would much sooner deteri- orate, and many hundreds of tons of Soh and Jolotong, worth from $5 to$ 1 5, have been so treated every year ever since the ex- port of Gutta from Singapore began. The Chinaman, as long as he hopes to deceive the buyer, will evidently try to put into his mixture as little as possible of the good expensive Gutta and as much as possible of the low kinds. The buyer knows all this very well, but, as it would not be more convenient for him to do otherwise, has always taken the many sorts of reboiled Gutta which the Chinamen prepare, trying to be as careful as possible. in order not to pay for it in excess of its actual value. You will see from this that if the mixture of Gutta with Soh and Jolotong worth $5 to $15 has never done any harm to the Singapore trade it must be absurd to say that any mixture with Balata, which is a superior sort of Gutta worth from $100 to $200 per pikul, can have had any such effect. If any such mixture has taken place, which seems strange, considering the high price of Balata compared to inferior sorts of Gutta formerly used, it would have had only the effect to improve the aver- age quality of reboiled Gutta. That the quality of all Gutta sorts (genuine more than reboiled) has been getting poorer and poorer for the last 20 years is quite true, but the reason for this has nothing to do with adulteration in Singapore. It is from the jungle that a lower Gutta is brought out, partly be- cause the plants giving the better qualities have more and more been destroyed, partly because the natives, on account ol the very high prices, found it easier to sell even interior quality and do not take the trouble to prepare the Gutta so carefully as formerly. To say that adulteration in Singapore can have anything to do with the decreased exports is absurd. The demand has naturally ceased last year on account of the completion of some large cables. The manufacturers having no new orders for cables cannot buy. We are going now through a period of stagnation, due to want of demand, which it is hoped will cease if new cables have to be constructed. The trade has not gone elsewhere, as your informant says, and there is no reason to think it will shift to any other place unless the reputation of the market is damaged by alarming statements. Yours faithfully, x. Singapore, September 6, IQ04. * * * Editorial Note. — The above communication to The Straits Times has been called forth by the recent publication in that journal of some articles on the Gutta-percha trade, one of which was copied into the August i issue of The India Rubber World (page 379). The point made by the Singa- pore journal was that the trade in Gutta percha had been in- jured by the wholesale adulteration alleged to have been prac- ticed, and reference was made to